Background: The value of lateral cephalometric radiographs to evaluate the pharyngeal airway is limited because it provided 2-dimensional (2D) images of complex 3-dimensional (3D) anatomic structures. Three dimensional analyses of the airway volumes are required to understand oral and pharyngeal adaptations in mouth breathing and nasal breathing subjects. The aim of this study was to measure the pharyngeal airway volume and the size of the face, then compare between pharyngeal airway volume in mouth breathing and nasal breathing subjects and find the gender difference in each group, also to study the relation between pharyngeal airway volume and the size of the face. Material and Methods: Fifty patients including 28 males and 22 females wit

The research seeks to know the social loafing of kindergarten teachers and their relation to personality traits. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher constructed the social loafing scale, which she applied to kindergarten teachers. The scale consists of (22) paragraphs. It has good credibility and stability. The coefficient of stability (85.0) was the retest method and (81.0) Alpha Cronbach equation. In addition, the researcher has adopted (Raymond Cattel) personality traits scale, which has been adapted to the Arab environment (Abdel Rahman and Abu Abada,1998), The scale consists of (39) paragraphs, and enjoys the apparent honesty. The measure of social loafing and the measure of personality traits was applied to

The Effect of Chicken Eggshell Extract on Microhardness of Artificially Induced Dental Erosion in Permanent Teeth (In Vitro Study), Shatha A Abbas*, Alhan A Qasim

Background In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the level of attention devoted to exploring capabilities of nanoparticles, specifically gold nanoparticles AuNPs, within context of modern times. AuNPs possess distinct biophysical properties, as a novel avenue as an antibacterial agent targeting Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans. The aim of this study to create a nano-platform that has the potential to be environmentally sustainable, in addition to exhibiting exceptional antimicrobial properties against Streptococcus Mutans as well as Candida Albicans. Methods this study involved utilization of Pelargonium Graveolens leaves extract as a cost effective and environmentally sustainable app

 The external morphology of planthoppers belong to the genus Dictyophara Germar 1833, has been described.    The study included detailed description of the external morphology of Dictyophara iranica Germar 1833.     External morphological characters of the head, thorax and their appendages were used. Those characters were supported by studying the male genitalia

  This study was done to investigate the antibacterial effect of the three types of Lawsonia inermis linn (henna) leaf extracts (water, methanol and chloroform) in different concentrations (40, 80, 120) mg/ml against four strains of bacteria (Staphyllococus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonos aerogenosa and Eschorichia coli) in vitro using ager well diffusion method. Water extract showed the highest antibacterial activity, followed by  methanol extract, while the chloroform extract showed the lowest activity. The maximum inhibition zone of water extract was observed against , Pseudomonos aerogenosa (25mm) in the concentration (120) mg/ml, while the minimum zone of inhibition (9mm) was in Bacillus subtilis in the same concent