It is often noted that disordered materials have different chemical properties to their more “ordered” cousins. Quantifying these effects in terms of thermodynamics is challenging in part because disordered materials can be difficult to characterize and are frequently relatively unstable. During the course of our experiments to understand the effects of disorder in catalysts for water oxidation we observed that many disordered manganese and cobalt oxide water oxidation catalysts directly oxidized peroxide in contrast to their more ordered analogues which catalyzed its disproportionation, that is, MnO2+2H+ +H2O2! Mn2+ +2H2O+O2(oxidation) versus H2O2!H2O+1=2 O2(disproportionation). By measuring the efficiency for one reaction over the other as a function of pH, we were able to quantify the relative stability of materials in two series of metal oxides and thereby quantify their relative thermodynamic stability, “by proxy”. We found that for the series of catalysts investigated the disorder made the materials stronger chemical oxidants and worse catalysts for the disproportionation of peroxide
The upbringing of Yehuda Amichai and the conditions he lived in had a great influence on his deep sense of pain, which made him think of death and suicide. Especially after the Nazis came to power in Germany, and his emigration with his family. Amichai searched for love throughout his life, and his failure was one of the most important factors affecting his psyche, which is A deep influence that made him live in harsh and painful pains that broke him, and prevented her from achieving his ambitions in life.Dramatic texts are characterized by repetition in writing and presentation. It is a textual discourse that has two advantages, first, that it can be read as a literary text like all other literary texts, and second, that it can be consider
... Show MoreIn this study, nano TiO2 was prepared with titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) as a resource to titanium oxide. The catalyst was synthesized using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (STAB) was used as the structure-directing material. Characterization of the product was done by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF), nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, were used to characterize the calcined TiO2 nanoparticles by STAB and PWA. The TiO2 nanomaterials were prepared in three crystalline forms (amorphous, anatase, anatase-rutile). The results showed that the
... Show MoreNew (pentulose-?-lactone-2,3-enedibenzoate barbituric acid) (L) have been synthesized by reaction of (5-C-dimethyl malonyl-pentulose-?-lactone-2,3-enedibenzoate) with urea in alkaline media (sodium methoxide). (Ca+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Zn+2, Cd+2 and Hg+2) complexes of (pentulose-?-lactone-2,3-enedibenzoate barbituric acid) (L) have been prepared and characterized by (1H and 13CNMR), FTIR, (U.V-Vis) spectroscopy, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (A.A.S), Molar conductivity measurements and Magnetic moment measurements, and the following general formula has been given for the prepared complexes [MLCl2(H2O)].XH2O, where M = (Ca+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, Hg+2), X = five molecules with (Cd+2) complex, L = (pentulose-?-lactone-2,3
... Show MoreThere is an assumption implicit but fundamental theory behind the decline by the time series used in the estimate, namely that the time series has a sleep feature Stationary or the language of Engle Gernger chains are integrated level zero, which indicated by I (0). It is well known, for example, tables of t-statistic is designed primarily to deal with the results of the regression that uses static strings. This assumption has been previously treated as an axiom the mid-seventies, where researchers are conducting studies of applied without taking into account the properties of time series used prior to the assessment, was to accept the results of these tests Bmanueh and delivery capabilities based on the applicability of the theo
... Show MoreThe issue of peaceful coexistence between societies is the topic of the hour, as it is one of the important issues in this era, especially in days when conflicts and conflicts abound, and even wars in the name of religion, gender, race, language, and the like. The world, so that single-mindedness and adherence to one opinion and intolerance to it became the method of dialogue in our world today, as writing in the field of peaceful coexistence, peace-building, tolerance, pluralism, and acceptance of the other is one of the new fields of knowledge in Iraq in general and in Nineveh Governorate in particular, as peaceful coexistence is one of the basic needs And necessary for the presence of individuals in societies, and it requires the achi
... Show MoreThe research deals with metaphors as being one of the primary means used by Lyudmila Ulitskaya when writing the novel " Sincerely Yours Shurik ", to form diverse and multifaceted collective female images of representatives of the classic psychological patterns presented in the work. This research reflects the results of the study related to the work of Lyudmila Yevkinevna Ulitskaya, an actress of modern Russian prose. The novel "The Sincerely to You Shorek" is one of Ludmila Ulitskaya's creations (the year of writing - 2003), which, like her other works, is distinguished by a unique presentation style, rich vocabulary, lexical and semantic diversity, and a special style of writing. writer. The main objective of the research is to look at th
... Show MoreThis paper deals with constructing mixed probability distribution from exponential with scale parameter (β) and also Gamma distribution with (2,β), and the mixed proportions are ( .first of all, the probability density function (p.d.f) and also cumulative distribution function (c.d.f) and also the reliability function are obtained. The parameters of mixed distribution, ( ,β) are estimated by three different methods, which are maximum likelihood, and Moments method,as well proposed method (Differential Least Square Method)(DLSM).The comparison is done using simulation procedure, and all the results are explained in tables.
A mercury porosimeter has been used to measure the intrusion volume of the three types mercury positive lead acid-battery plates. The intrusion volumes were used to calculate the pore diameter, pore volume, pore area, and pore size distribution. The variation of the pore area in positive lead acid-battery plates as well as of the pore volume has the following sequence. Paste positive > Uncured positive > Cured positive