This study aimed to study the inhibition activity of purified bacteriocin produced from the local isolation Lactococcuslactis ssp. lactis against pathogenic bacteria species isolated from clinical samples in some hospitals Baghdad city. Screening of L. lactis ssp. Lactis and isolated from the intestines fish and raw milk was performed in well diffusion method. The results showed that L. lactis ssp. lactis (Lc4) was the most efficient isolate in producing the bacteriocin as well observed inhibitory activity the increased that companied with the concentration, the concentration of the twice filtrate was better in obtaining higher inhibition diameters compared to the one-fold concentration. The concentrate

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes permanent morbidity, premature mortality and great burden to the healthcare system. Smoking is it's most common risk factor and Spirometry is for diagnosing COPD and monitoring its progression.

Objectives: Early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in symptomatic smokers’ ≥ 40years by spirometry.

Methods: A cross sectional study on all symptomatic smokers aged ≥ 40 years attending ten PHCCs in Baghdad Alkarkh and Alrisafa. Those whose FEV1/FVC was <70% on spirometry; after giving bronchodilator, were considered COPD +ve.

Results:  Overall, airway obstruction was seen in

تعتمد فرضية البحث على وجود ظاهرة عامة في إعمال المقاولات لدى المقاولين وهي
تجاوز الكلف الحقيقية المصروفة خلال مرحلة التنفيذ عن الكلف التخمينية للمقاولات الإنشائية
في مرحلة تقديم العطاء مما يسبب العجز المالي والمشاكل الاقتصادية للمقاولين.تبنى البحث
دورة حياة بناء النظام التي تمر بمراحل مختلفة هي تحديد المشكلة وتحليلها وتصميم النظام
الإداري المقترح.ولانجاز ذلك تم دراسة النظم العالمية والمحلية المع