This study aims to focus on the Motives behind volunteer work among a sample of volunteers working in civil society organizations and check if there are statistical differences with those variables according to (gender, age,  job, period of volunteer work, and residence. The sample consists of (220 )volunteers,(189) male and(31) female from southern, northern and central governorate .The Volunteer Functions Inventory(VFI)(Clary & et al,1989)was applied, It consisting of(30) items with six fields( Values, Understanding, Social motives, Career, Protective, Enhancement).

The results show that the most common and important motivations are (Values, Understanding, and social motivations), there are differenc

Abstract

     The problem of the study is the main question (Can tourism planning address the phenomenon of unemployment in Iraq ?) , And the importance of the study in the fact that the tourism sector can become an effective development alternative in many countries, especially Iraq, as tourism contributes to diversify sources of income and stimulate other economic sectors , We know how important Iraq's qualifications are in the field of tourism and what it can generate on the public treasury, To confirm the current study on the need to pay attention to tourism planning for its role in providing employment opportunities that reduce the unemployment rate in the future.

 &n

In the article we consider features of official style, its functions and factors which influence the definition of the style. The topicality of the issue can be explained by rapid development of market economy which affects in its turn business correspondence. In this regard, there are a lot of cliché, terms and professionalisms appeared recently. Only correct usage of them can serve as a key to successful communication in Russian as well as other languages. This work highlights documents that are part of the diplomatic style such as declarations, credentials, notes, resolutions and other documents. The administrative style can include orders and instructions.

Аннотация.

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أدى التغير السريع في البيئة الخارجية للمنظمة إلى  ظهور حالة من التنافس الشديد مما زاد تخوف الشركات من فقدان الحصة السوقية والخسارة . مما حدا بالمنظمات إلى الاهتمام بوجود مدير يحمل صفات وخصائص قيادية لما فيه من ميزات في تنظيم الإنتاج  ومقابلة الطلب وتقليل التكاليف وتطوير الأداء للحصول على ميزة تنافسية تحافظ او تزيد من حصتها السوقية وإرباحها .

تسعى الدراسة الى تحديد عدد من الاهداف كان اهمها معرفة الع

Abstract
The research hypothesizes is that the external Environment
has the responsibility concerning decisions making and behavioral
upon industrial firms. It is, Furthermore, an attempt to review the
problem of closures of private industrial firms in the country, during
the period (1976-1985), i.e. prior to and during the Iraqian- Iranian
war.
The behavioral approach of industrial geography has been
adopted as a theoretical background and the statistical test has
been practiced for the applied purposes.
As result, the research comes out with suggestions,
depending upon previous trials in the field of direction and
formulation of the of the private industrial sector. The chief point
among th

  The study aimed to highlight the reality of the functional pressures with its dimensions (role ambiguity, role conflict, role burden, glass ceiling, and discrimination in composition). The researchers also relied on the questionnaire as a essential tool for data collection. The field study was conducted at the University of Mohammed Khiedr - Biskra -, the study was conducted on the basis of the total survey, which included all the workers of the 6 faculties of Biskra University (523 female employees).

     After the analyzing of the data using the version 21 of the statistical program Spss, The study reached a number of results, the most of them is the low level of the functiona

Stealth marketing is considered as one of the contemporary issues that researchers have begun to explore as a current understanding. It is the marketing approach used by organizations to promote their products and services to the public in implicit and indirect manner. In this article, the concept of stealth marketing will be discussed throw its advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the different techniques of stealth marketing have been discussed including: viral marketing, celebrity marketing, brand pushers, bait-and-tease marketing, video games marketing, and marketing in music. Furthermore, a new technique of marketing entitled “Marketing through social responsibility” has been added and discussed according to the themes in the

Self-driving automobiles are prominent in science and technology, which affect social and economic development. Deep learning (DL) is the most common area of study in artificial intelligence (AI). In recent years, deep learning-based solutions have been presented in the field of self-driving cars and have achieved outstanding results. Different studies investigated a variety of significant technologies for autonomous vehicles, including car navigation systems, path planning, environmental perception, as well as car control. End-to-end learning control directly converts sensory data into control commands in autonomous driving. This research aims to identify the most accurate pre-trained Deep Neural Network (DNN) for predicting the steerin

Abstract:

The six Arab Gulf states (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE) play a vital role, especially with its geographical location and natural  resources (oil and gas) as well as other cultural and civilizational elements, in achieving  global economic balance and more specifically global energy security, naturally  because of  these countries have a comparative advantage in the field of fossil energy (oil and gas), thus this sector becomes more attractive for local and international investments alike. Being  the energy sector a leader sector in the economic development process, and the basic factor to achieve savings and financial surpluses in thes

Since cancer is becoming a leading cause of death worldwide, efforts should be concentrated on understanding its underlying biological alterations that would be utilized in disease management, especially prevention strategies. Within this context, multiple bodies of evidence have highlighted leptin’s practical and promising role, a peptide hormone extracted from adipose and fatty tissues with other adipokines, in promoting the proliferation, migration, and metastatic invasion of breast carcinoma cells. Excessive blood leptin levels and hyperleptinemia increase body fat content and stimulate appetite. Also, high leptin level is believed to be associated with several conditions, including overeating, emotional stress, inflammation, obesity,