حضيت القيادة باهتمام كبير من قبل الباحثين ودورها الإيجابي في التأثير على الموظفين ونجاح المنظمات، في الآونة الأخير بدأت الدراسات تركز على الجانب المظلم للقيادة وتأثيرها على التابعين وبيئة العمل، وقد تم تحديد القيادة السامة بأنها أخطر الأساليب القيادية التي تتسبب بتكاليف مادية ومعنوية على المنظمات بمختلف جوانبها، ان القيادة السامة تأثر على دوافع المرؤوسين وقدرتهم على انجاز المهام، ورغبتهم في الاستمرار في العمل، ويتبع القادة السامين أساليب الترهيب والاقصاء والتنمر والتهديد والتهميش للمرؤوسين، مما يؤثر سلبا على رفاهيتهم وصحتهم النفسية، لذا أصبح من الضروري على المنظمات وضع آليات مناسبة لمنع انتشار مثل هذه السلوكيات السامة المدمرة للفرد والمنظمة، وعلية يهدف البحث الحالي للتعرف على القيادة السامة من خلال مراجعة اهم ادبياتها، واستعراض أهم السلوكيات والصفات التي يتسم بها القائد السام، ومدى تأثيرها على الاتباع وبيئة المنظمة.
The professional skepticism is one of the fundamental concepts necessary for practicing the audit profession, without which the auditor can not reach a reasonable assurance as to the correctness of the evidence and the information obtained by the auditing department. The auditor's possession of the characteristics of professional skepticism and his practice of professional skepticism during the audit process lead to an increase The quality of audit and thus raise the confidence of the financial community in the audit profession again after the exposure of several crises led to the loss of financial society confidence in the audit profession.
The aim of the study is to measure the impact of professional sk
... Show MoreLanguage always conveys ideologies that represent an essential aspect of the world we live in. The beliefs and opinions of an individual or community can be organized, interacted with, and negotiated via the use of language. Recent researches have paid attention to bullying as a social issue. They have focused on the psychological aspect of bullying rather than the linguistic one. To bridge this gap, the current study is intended to investigate the ideology of bullying from a critical stylistic perspective. The researchers adopt Jeffries' (2010) critical stylistics model to analyze the data which is five extracts taken from Hunt’s Fish in a Tree (2015). The analysis demonstrates
... Show MoreAlienation is a feeling that inflicts people especially adolescents due to certain reasons. As they grow up, adolescents tend to face certain psychological disturbances. They somehow feel indifferent to their surroundings and hence it would be quite hard for them to express their notions in the reality world they live in. So they either rebel against society and become aggressive members or they might console themselves in an alienated world that they create in their minds.
This paper depicts J.D. Salinger's (1919-2010) novel The Catcher in the Rye where its protagonist, Holden Caulfield, is an adolescent who feels there is no linkage or connection with the traits of his society. He is a teenager who
... Show MoreAbstract
Most of the industrial organization in the world became suffering from the problem of the pollution of the poisonous chemicals things, this urged to depend on the principle of the responsible production, because it has the positive role by dealing with these chemical things and to safe the health of the society, due to the main goal of this study is to restrict the role responsible production in accomplishing the system of the environmental management through an actual study in the northern gas company in Kirkuk province, the topic has acquired a big importance bacause there were a limited number of studies and res
... Show MoreBumpiness in the atmosphere is the vertical movement of air, whether
upward or downward movement and the bumpiness is accompanied by areas
of unrest in the air and wind. And contribute to each of the coups thermal
fronts, wind, wind and thunderstorms. Moreover, bumpiness is net of the
reasons that lead to circumstances is appropriate to cut the wind, and this
contributes to the formation of bumpiness in the atmosphere. The study found
that the noon of the times, which is expected to occur where clear-air
bumpiness during flights because of the warmth of the earth's surface. The
study found increased incidence of air hole during the summer, especially
July, due to increased incidence of coup surface, while the s
Abstract The success of the system of government in any country needs to have a handle on the amount of power efficiency , capacity , capability and wisdom, Iraq has gone through since its inception through several stages of time, namely: The first stage: which ran from August 23, 1921 until July 14, 1958 and was ruling monarchy (rule of the royal family) and punishing power of political elites both of them and works access to power without taking into consideration the laws and principles of the Constitution, and as a result of the inability of civilian powers and political parties access to power to grant that army officers regulatory and disciplinary specifications as well as possessing arms and overthrow the rule of the minority coup
... Show MoreRecent decades have witnessed tremendous economic development that has led to the spread of international companies (multinational companies) and its activity has expanded to cover many countries of the world, with intense competition among countries to attract more international investments, which has led to the emergence of some controversial accounting issues in many Relevant areas, including accounting for transactions in foreign currencies, translation of financial statements for companies and foreign branches, as this issue is an important and sensitive topic because many of its aspects are controversial and not yet resolved, especially with regard to the variation in standards and Relevant accounting practices from one country to
... Show MoreThe present study aims at representing the importance of Quranic readings in the interpretation of the meaning of the Holly Quran in Imam Al Wahidi’s interpretation “Al Wasiet”, declaring its meaning, and eliminating of the paradox which takes place when trying to understand the intention of the Almighty Allah in His Holly book. The study aims at:
1- Defining the paradox linguistically and in terminology according to the formatives or the fundamentalists, the scientist of interpretation and of the Quranic sciences.
2-Reasoning paradox in the Quranic readings: Believing in matters that disagree with the Holly Quran and Sunnis, variety of the subjects in the verses, disagreement of the place and the place for the vers
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