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Broad‐ranging review: configurations, membrane types, governing equations, and influencing factors on microbial desalination cell technology
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Abstract<p>Seawater might serve as a fresh‐water supply for future generations to help meet the growing need for clean drinking water. Desalination and waste management using newer and more energy intensive processes are not viable options in the long term. Thus, an integrated and sustainable strategy is required to accomplish cost‐effective desalination via wastewater treatment. A microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a new technology that can treat wastewater, desalinate saltwater, and produce green energy simultaneously. Bio‐electrochemical oxidation of wastewater organics creates power using this method. Desalination and the creation of value‐added by‐products are expected because of this ionic movement. According to assessments, recent investigations on MDC configurations have led to significant changes in their operating characteristics, as well as their design and operational factors. Additionally, the study notes the expanding uses of MDC in bioremediation, nutrient recovery, water softening, and value‐added chemical manufacturing. Significant results show that the MDC system produced outstanding desalination without the need for external power, in addition to achieving wastewater treatment and energy recovery without the need for intermediary processes. When it comes to its practical application, some of the technical obstacles include keeping pH stable in cathodic and anodic fluids, increasing internal resistance using catalysts as electrode fillers, along with issues of biofouling and durability. Although MDC technology is currently being developed and scaled up, additional research on membrane fouling avoidance, material feasibility, electron transport kinetics, growth of microorganisms, and catalyst durability is needed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).</p>
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The Effect of SOLO and Sodium Hypochlorite Disinfectant on Some Properties of Different Types of Dental Stone
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Dental casts come into direct contact with impression materials and other items that are contaminated by saliva and blood from a patient's mouth, leaving the casts susceptible to cross-contamination. The disinfectant solutions of the impression materials cause various adverse reactions. Therefore, disinfection of dental casts may be effective in preventing cross infection. This study was carried out to evaluate the surface hardness, dimensional accuracy, reproduction of details and surface porosity of type III, type IV and type IV extra hard dental stone after immersion in and spray by using SOLO and Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant solutions. Materials and methods: 240 Stone samples were prepared in rubber rings, A total of 60 test block w

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 21 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effect of Different Types of Aggregate and Additives on the Properties of Self-Compacting Lightweight Concrete
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The major aim of this research is study the effect of the type of lightweight aggregate (Porcelinite and Thermostone), type and ratio of the pozzolanic material(SF and HRM) and the use of different ratios of w/cm ratio(0.32 and 0.35) on the properties of SCLWC in the fresh and hardened state. SF and HRM are used in three percentage 5%,10%, and 15% as a partial replacement by weight of
cement for all types of SCLWC. The requirements of self-compatibility for SCC are fulfilled by using the high performance superplasticizer (G51) at 1.2liter per 100 kg of cement. The values of air dry density and compressive strength at age of 28 days within the limits of structural lightweight concrete. The air dry density and compressive strength at a

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 15 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of SOLO and sodium hypochlorite disinfectant on some properties of different types of dental stone
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Background: Dental casts come into direct contact with impression materials and other items that are contaminated by saliva and blood from a patient's mouth, leaving the casts susceptible to cross-contamination. The disinfectant solutions of the impression materials cause various adverse reactions. Therefore, disinfection of dental casts may be effective in preventing cross infection. This study was carried out to evaluate the surface hardness, dimensional accuracy, reproduction of details and surface porosity of type III, type IV and type IV extra hard dental stone after immersion in and spray by using SOLO and Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant solutions. Materials and methods: 240 Stone samples were prepared in rubber rings, A total of 60

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 28 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Effect of Different Diluent and Binder Types on the Preparation of Bisoprolol Fumarate as Tablet Dosage Form
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Hypertension is one of the main causes of heart disease; beta- blockers play a crucial role in the management of patients with essential hypertension. Bisoprolol is one of the widely used drugs for the treatment of hypertension. Bisoprolol tablets were prepared by two methods (direct and wet) using different proportion and types of diluents, different binder types and forms, then evaluated for, weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution rate. The results were compared with a reference Bisoprolol tablet.

Both methods of preparation wet and direct compression method gave good results, which are consistent with the requirements of British Pharmacopeia and United States Pharmacopeia. It was found that

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 29 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Desalting of RO Waste and Drainage Water by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
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Direct contact membrane distillation is an effective method for production of fresh water from saline water. In this study two samples were used as feed solutions; the first one was RO waste from Al-Hilla Coca-Cola Factory (TDS= 2382 mg/l) and the other was Haji Ali drainage water (TDS= 4127 mg/l). Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hydrophobic membrane supported with polypropylene (PP) was used as flat sheet form with plate and frame cell. Results proved that membrane distillation is an effective technique to produce fresh water with high quality from brine with low salinity content. With membrane area of 8x8 cm2, the volume of treated water decreased from 34.97 ml at first half hour to 33.02 ml after 180 min of

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 30 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Extraction of Pelletierine from Punica granatum L.by Liquid Membrane Technique and Modelling
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This work was conducted to study the extraction of pelletierine sulphate from Punica granatum L. roots by liquid membrane techniques. Pelletierine sulphate is used widely in medicine. The general behavior of extraction process indicates that pelletierine conversion increased with increasing the number of stages and the discs rotation speed but high rotation speed was not favored because of the increased risk of droplet formation during the operation. The pH of feed and acceptor solution was also important. The results exhibit that the highest pelletierine conversion was obtained when using two stages,(10 rpm) discs speed of stainless steel discs,(pH= 9.5) of feed solution and (pH= 2) of acceptor solution in n-decane. Assuming the existence

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 30 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Extraction of Pelletierine from Punica granatum L.by Liquid Membrane Technique and Modelling
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This work was conducted to study the extraction of pelletierine sulphate from Punica granatum L. roots by liquid membrane techniques. Pelletierine sulphate is used widely in medicine. The general behavior of extraction process indicates that pelletierine conversion increased with increasing the number of stages and the discs rotation speed but high rotation speed was not favored because of the increased risk of droplet formation during the operation. The pH of feed and acceptor solution was also important. The results exhibit that the highest pelletierine conversion was obtained when using two stages, (10 rpm) discs speed of stainless steel discs, (pH=9.5) of feed solution and (pH=2) of acceptor solution in n-decane. Assuming the existen

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 19 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Oral manifestations, microbial study and salivary IgA study in asthmatic patients receiving prednisolone
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Background: Asthma is a disease of the airways characterized by chronic inflammation associated with airway hyper-responsiveness and airway wall remodeling. Aims of the study: The aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral manifestations , identify different microorganism from oral micro flora and determination of salivary IgA and salivary flow rate in asthmatic patients taking different dose of Prednisolone in comparison with control group. Subjects, materials and methods: The study included 17 patients under treatment with Prednisolone (10-20 mg),15 patients take (20-30 mg) of Prednisolone and other 18 patients take (30 – 40mg) of Prednisolone, and 25 healthy control group (10 male and 15 female). Results : The mo

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 01 2013
Journal Name
Romanian Biotechnological Letters
Elicitation of pseudomonas aeruginosa with live and dead microbial cells enhances phenazine production
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Oscillations of First Order Neutral Differential Equations with Positive and Negative Coefficients
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Oscillation criterion is investigated for all solutions of the first-order linear neutral differential equations with positive and negative coefficients. Some sufficient conditions are established so that every solution of eq.(1.1) oscillate. Generalizing of some results in [4] and [5] are given. Examples are given to illustrated our main results.

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