Background: Ureteric stones commonly have an impact on the quality of life of the patient. There are many treatment choices for the condition, including medical treatment, extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), endoscopic intervention by ureteroscope (URS), or surgery (open or laparoscopic). Semi-rigid URS with laser lithotripsy is used to fragment ureteric stones, especially those in the distal ureter.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and complications of the dusting versus the fragmentation method for lower ureteric stones using holmium laser lithotripsy by analyzing intra-operative and post-operative variables.

Patients and methods: One hundred and twenty patie

In this work a novel drug delivery system through modification of poly acrylic acid with Methionine as a spacer between the poly acrylic acid which was converted to its acyl chloride and reacted with Methionine as spacer unit which has been reacted with Ampicillin drug. In vitro drug release study had been conducted successfully in basic medium in pH 7.4 and acidic medium in pH 1.1 at 37?. Due to many problems associated with drug release and, this modification could decrease the side effect of drug. The prepared prodrug polymer was characterized by spectra method [FTIR and 1H?NMR]. Physical properties and intrinsic viscosity of drug polymer were determined. The good results were obtained in the presence of spacer unit with compar

Background:Nipple discharge is a relatively common complaint of females in reproductive age and after menopause.

Objectives: The aim of this stud was to compare the radiological findings of mammography and ultrasound in women with pathological nipple discharge of different pathology.

 Methods:  mammography and ultrasound was done for a total of 50 patients attending the National center of Early detection of Breast cancer with pathological nipple discharge. Ultrasound guided FNA was performed for all cases, and histopathology was available for eleven case.

Results: ultrasound was able to provide clue of possible underlying cause for all pathological nipple discharge whereas mammography was negative in 54%

Young people represent the power and cornerstone of societies and their superiority is linked to their well-being. Their empowerment is as essential as the heart to the body, if it is corrupt, then the whole body is corrupt, and vice versa. The exposure to extremism and pressure from their families leads to violent acts and crimes for obtaining money through unknown organized bodies. This will drive them to fail in their life in an attempt to fulfill their most basic needs, which they have been deprived of by their families, the government, and other institutions. Therefore, governments should provide job opportunities for young people and provide entertainment centers, sports clubs, and family education centers that raise awareness of s

Background: Orexin-A is an orexigenic hormone that plays an important role in the metabolism of blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (IR). The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to the abnormality in insulin and IR. However, no sufficient studies to date have clearly shown the association of orexin-A with biochemical parameters related to T2DM.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relation of orexin-A with IR and how they associate with physiological changes in T2DM patients. Understanding this relation will offer some pharmacological tools to reduce some complications in diabetes.

Materials and Methods: A total of 41 T2

Background: Obesity represents a clear and
present danger to the health of children and
adolescents. Its prevalence among American
youth has doubled in the past 3 decades, and
there are now more overweight and obese
adults in the United States than adults of
normal weight.
Objectives of the study:
1- Finding whether screen watching among
adolescents has an effect on increasing
prevalence overweight and obesity.
2- The effect of other variables like physical
activity, eating in front of screen, eating under
stress on obesity and overweight among the
subjects sample.
Patients &Methods: During 3 months period a
cross sectional survey was conducted on 4
high schools at Baghdad with total

The nature of the political system of any country in the international system must have an impact on the policy of the State, whether in the interior or exterior, both regional and international, Turkey is one of the most important countries in the Middle East, which have a place and effectiveness on the surrounding environment, hence the importance of research lies in its political system and the transfer of power in it and its transformation from the form of the parliamentary system to the presidential system of the repercussions of the task and mutual effects between Turkey and the countries of the surrounding region in terms of the extent of achieving political stability in the Turkish interior or not and how this can be refl