Background: Practicing self-medication is common and a worrisome issue because of irrational drug use. This study aimed to evaluate self-medication knowledge and views among the final year pharmacy students in Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019. A pre-validated and self-administered questionnaire was recruited to survey pharmacy students at the University of Baghdad and Al-Rafedain University College. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS v. 20) software used to save and analyze the data. Results expressed as numbers and percentages. Results: A total of 344 students (response rate: 94.24%) with a mean age of 22.10 years included in this study. Most of them were female (61.60%). Self-medication was high in the past year (84.88%), and most of them (86.04%) got their medications from pharmacies. About (62.79%) of students used antibiotics as self-medication for a few days, although a significant number were aware of bacterial resistance. The main reasons to self-medicate were quick relief desired, convenience, and avoiding waiting at clinics. The reasons against it were a misdiagnosis, adverse effects' risk, and wrong medication use. Doctor visits sought necessary in cases of worsening symptoms, severe pain, and serious problems. Headache, cough, and diarrhea were the most frequent indications. Conclusion: The self-medication prevalence is high; the knowledge is moderate, and the views about the self-medication concept are generally appropriate.
Nowadays, most of the on-chip plasmonic single-photon sources emit an unpolarized stream of single photons that demand a subsequent polarizer stage in a practical quantum cryptography system. In this paper, we numerically demonstrated the coupling of the light emitted from a quantum emitter (QE) at 700 nm wavelength to the propagation mode supported by an on-chip hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW) polarization rotator. Our results proved that the light emitted is linearly polarized at 0º, 45º/−45º, and 90º with propagation lengths of 5 μm, 3.3 μm, and 3.9 μm, respectively. Moreover, high power-conversion efficiency was obtained from an applied transverse magnetic (TM) mode (0º-polarization) to a transverse electric (TE) (90º-polari
... Show MoreObjective(s): To assess mothers’ knowledge about their children with sickle cell anemia and non-Pharmacological approaches to pain management and found some relationship between mothers knowledge and their demographic data of age, level of education, and occupation.
Methodology: A descriptive design used in the present study established was for a period from September 19th, 2020 to March 30th, 2021. The study was conducted on a non-probability (purposive) sample of (30) mother their children with sickle cell anemia was chosen. The data were analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical approaches which are applied by using SPSS version 22.0.
Results: The findings of the study indicated that moderate
The reaction of ethylenediamine with [2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenon] and KOH (Schiff Base) to gives the new tetradentate ligand 2-(1-{2-{1-2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methyl phenyl)ethyliden amino}- ethylimino}-ethyl-benzene- 1,2,5-triol [HCl]. This ligand was reacted with some metal ions (Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II)) in methanol with (1:1) metal : ligand ratio to give a series of new complexes of the general formula [M(H4L)], where: M= Cu(11), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II). All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods [I.R, U.V.-Vis, C.H.N., analysis H.P.L.C, atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility, (EI-mass for the ligand)], and microanalysis along with conductivity measurements
... Show MoreThe new organic reagent 2-[Benzo thiazolyl azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole was prepared and used as complexing agent for separation and spectrophotometric determination of Cu2+ ion in some samples include plants, soil, water and human blood serum. Initially determined all factors effect on extraction method and the results show optimum pH was (pHex=9), optimum concentration was 40?g/5mLCu2+ and optimum shaking time was (15min.), as well stoichiometry study appears the complex structure was 1:1 Cu2+: BTADPI. Interferences effect of cations were studied. Synergism effect shows MIBK gave increasing in distribution ratio (D). Organic solvent effect appears there is no any linear relation between dielectric constant for organic solvent used and dis
... Show MoreThis research includes synthesis of new 5-Nitro isatin derivatives starting from 5-nitro-3-(imino acetohydrazide)-2-oxo indole (1) namely 5-nitro-3-[iminoaceto(tetra hydropyridazin-3,6-dione)-2-yl]-2-oxo indole (2); 5-nitro-3-[iminoaceto(hexahydrodiazepine-3,7-dione)-2-yl]-2-oxo indole (3); 5-nitro-3-[iminoaceto (1,2-dihydro pyridiazin-3,6-dione)-2-yl]-2-oxo indole (4); 5-nitro-3-[iminoaceto (8-nitro- 1,2-dihydrophtalazin-3,10-dione)-2-yl]-2-oxo indole (5) and 5-nitro-3-[iminoaceto (1,2-dihydrophtalazin-3,10-dione)-2-yl]-2-oxo indole (6). The derivatives were characterized using FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and C.H.N.S analy
... Show MoreGlassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with carbon nanotubes CNT and C60 by attachment and solution evaporation techniques, respectively. CNT/Li+/GCE and C60/Li+/GCE were prepared by modifying CNT/GCE and C60/GCE in Li+ solution via cyclic voltammetry (CV) potential cycling. The sensing characteristics of the modified film electrodes, demonstrated in this study for interference of Mn2+ in different heavy metals ion esp. Hg2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+. The interfering effect was investigated that exert positive interference on the redox peaks of Mn2+. The modification of GCE with nano materials and Li+ act an enhancement for the redox current peaks to observe the effect of interference for Mn2+ in 1:1 ratio with different heavy metals ion.
The reaction of [Benzoyl hydrazine] with [Diphenyl mono oxime] and Glacial acetic acid was carried out in methanol gave a new tridentate ligand [Benzoic acid (2-hydroxyimino- 1, 2-diphyneylethylidene) - hydrazide]. This ligand was reacted with some metal ions (Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)) in methanol with (1:1) metal : ligand ratio to give a series of new complexes of the general formula [M(L)Cl2.H2O], where M= Fe(11), Co(11), Ni(11) and Cu(11). All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods (I.R, UV-Vis), elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility, and conductivity measurements. From the obtained data the proposed molecular structures were suggested for the complexes of Fe
... Show MoreA new Mannich base ligand was prepared by reacting the 2-chloro.-N-(5-mercapto-1, 3, 4-thiadazol -2-yl) acetamide and Piperidine in the presence (formaldehyde) (L) ligand. A series of ligand complexes were prepared from (L) with the metal ion Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Pd (II), Pt (IV), and Au (III). Various spectroscopic techniques such as C.H.N.S, FTIR, UV-VIS, , 1HNMR, 13CNMR, Magnetic moment, and molar conductivity successfully characterize the obtained compounds. The M: L ratio was determined using the molar ratio method in solution. All prepared compounds' antibacterial and antifungal activity was studied against two types of bacteria and one type of fungi at a rate of 0.02M. The standard ΔH°
... Show MoreThis paper aims to identify how the United Nations works through its website in prioritizing audiences towards international issues، by identifying the digital PR mechanisms used in digital PR contents in prioritizing audiences towards the international issues they deal with. To achieve the objectives of this paper, the researcher used the survey method and content analysis tool with a view to identifying the ranking of international issues on the website of health، peace and security، humanitarian assistance، human rights، women، migrants، refugees and displaced persons، economic development، United Nations affairs، culture and education، environment and climate، sustainable development, and law and crime prevention. One of
... Show More