Background: Practicing self-medication is common and a worrisome issue because of irrational drug use. This study aimed to evaluate self-medication knowledge and views among the final year pharmacy students in Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019. A pre-validated and self-administered questionnaire was recruited to survey pharmacy students at the University of Baghdad and Al-Rafedain University College. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS v. 20) software used to save and analyze the data. Results expressed as numbers and percentages. Results: A total of 344 students (response rate: 94.24%) with a mean age of 22.10 years included in this study. Most of them were female (61.60%). Self-medication was high in the past year (84.88%), and most of them (86.04%) got their medications from pharmacies. About (62.79%) of students used antibiotics as self-medication for a few days, although a significant number were aware of bacterial resistance. The main reasons to self-medicate were quick relief desired, convenience, and avoiding waiting at clinics. The reasons against it were a misdiagnosis, adverse effects' risk, and wrong medication use. Doctor visits sought necessary in cases of worsening symptoms, severe pain, and serious problems. Headache, cough, and diarrhea were the most frequent indications. Conclusion: The self-medication prevalence is high; the knowledge is moderate, and the views about the self-medication concept are generally appropriate.
Shatt Al-Hilla branches from the left of Euphrates River, U/S Hindiyah Barrage, Iraq, and extends about 100 km. It branches at the end into Shatt Al-Diwaniya 112 km and Shatt Al-Daghara 64 km. The study aims to evaluate and develop (Hilla-Daghara) rivers system, which is included Shatt Al-Hilla and Shatt Al-Daghara. Fieldwork began from (26 October until December) 2020. M9, S5 devices, and the installed staff gauges were used to measure discharges and water levels, respectively. A one-dimensional model was developed for the study area by HEC-RAS, after calibration and verification by field measurements; the Manning's n of Shatt Al-Daghara is found to be 0.022. Five Scenarios were simulated to study the reach under the cu
... Show MoreTraditional tree management is laborious and costly, thus this work aimed to study the performance of two different types of frond cutting saws (reciprocating saw and vibrating saw) and examine the two saws on five date palm varieties. Four parameters were examined, including cutting time for a single frond, the power needed for cutting a single frond, frond cutting productivity expressed as tree/h, and vibration conveyed to the worker’s hand. A field experiment was designed according to the nested randomized complete block design, including five date palm varieties as the main plot and the type of saw as a sub-plot. Means were compared using the least significant differences (LSD 0
Animal fats are a good, promising and ethical alternative source for biodiesel production, but they need more complex treatments than vegetable oils. Iraqi butchery plants waste fats (sheep fat) which are suggested as feedstock to produce biodiesel. This type of fat contains a large quantity of free fatty acids (FFAs) (acid number 49.13 mg KOH/g of fat). The direct transesterification of such fats produce high amount of soap instead of desired biodiesel, so a pre-treatment step (to reduce FFAs) is necessary before transesterification. This step was done by esterification of the free fatty acids in the fat by adding ethanol and using 1% acid catalyst (H2SO4) for 30 minutes. The results showed that the acid number of sheep fat after pre-tr
... Show MoreAims: This study aims to compare patients’ complaints and problems of wearing complete dentures.
Methodology: The sample included 40 Iraqi patients who are wearing complete dentures from about five years ago. They
were selected randomly with a age range between (55–65) years. The questions asked to the patients were listed according
to the recent classification of post-insertion problems.
Result: The results showed that the percentage of patient's complaint from adaptation problems (62.1%) was higher than
looseness problems (61.3%) and discomfort problems (39.3%) as followed.
Recommendation: Dentists need thorough knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathology and psychology. The assessing
of the psyche and emotions
The amino thiadiazole [I] on treatment with aromatic aldehydes yielded Schiff bases [IIa-c], which cyclized to thiazolidinone [IIIa-c] derivatives by reaction with thioglycolic acid. Reaction of carbon disulfide and methyl iodide with [I] gavedithiomethyl [IV] which on treatment with o-phenylenediamine gave the condensed N-Imidazolythiadiazolylamine [V], However, reaction of [I] with phenylisocyanate and phenylisothiocyanate afforded the carbamideand carbothiamide derivatives [VI. VII] ac. The structure of these compounds was characterized from their melting point, FTIR spectroscopy and elementalanalysis
Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a common disease, and a major determinant of morbidity and mortality in all races. The pleiotropic effects of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) such as modulation of cell survival, mineralization and inflammation, make it an interesting candidate mediator in the progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic lesions.Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the role of RANKL in the pathogenesis of ACS.Methods: The levels of RANKL were measured by ELISA method in sera of 60 ACS patients, 31 patients with unstable angina (UA) and 29 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) in comparison with 20 apparently healthy controls.Results: Current data indicate
... Show MoreObjective(s): To evaluate youth's health risk behaviors in Baghdad City and to determine the relationship between such behaviors and the youth's demographic characteristics of age, gender and grade. Methodology: A descriptive study, using the evaluation approach, is carried out to evaluate youth's health risk behaviors in Baghdad City for the period of January 26th 2016 to May 20th 2016. A non-probability "purposive" sample of (160) University students is selected for the purpose of the study from four groups of colleges (medical, engineering, sciences, and education) and it is equally distributed of
Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the newest matters in both industry and academia of the communication engineering world. On the other hand, wireless mesh networks, a network topology that has been debate for decades that haven’t been put into use in great scale, can make a transformation when it arises to the network in the IoT world nowadays. A Mesh IoT network is a local network architecture in which linked devices cooperate and route data using a specified protocol. Typically, IoT devices exchange sensor data by connecting to an IoT gateway. However, there are certain limitations if it involves to large number of sensors and the data that should be received is difficult to analyze. The aim of the work here is to implement a self-
... Show MoreThe aim of the present study is to formulate, evaluate and characterize the nanoemulsion of Domperidone a poorly water-soluble anti-emetic drug.
Domperidone powder is white or almost white powder, photosensitive, practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol and in methanol; soluble in dimethylformamide. It is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting of various etiologies.
Solubility studies were conducted to select the oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. Phase diagrams were constructed by aqueous phase
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