The purple pigment violacein is produced by Gram-negative bacteria, mainly from the Chromobacterium violaceum. Violacein is synthesized by fusing two Ltryptophan molecules using five different enzymes encoded by VioA, VioB, VioC, VioD, and VioE genes. These genes have transferred to genetically engineering microorganisms such as E.coli for high production of violacein. It is receiving greater interest because of its significant biological functions and therapeutic potential. The reviews outlining the biosynthesis, production, and biological significance of violacein are being published.

The poultry industry is developing continuously and rapidly, this development takes several trends in the poultry industry, such as searching for new alternatives feed additives. The research focused on finding new alternatives feed additives, among these alternatives is Synoptic, which used to maximize the benefit of the two important compounds (probiotics and prebiotics) as these two compounds are considered one of the most alternatives feed additives, which have been used a lot in poultry feeding to maximize the value of these compounds, they were combined into one compound called synbiotic. Several studies confirm that the synbiotic effect on the intestine morphology, which, the ratio villus height and villus: crypt ratio in the

This review article concentrates the light about aetiology and treatment of the periimplantitis.

Blastocystosis is symptomatic infection caused by the protozoal parasite Blastocystis , which resides in the intestinal tract of its hosts and it is one of the most common parasites reported in humans. It’s prevalence ranges between (30 - 50%) of the population in developing countries. This genus has a worldwide distribution and often the most commonly reported human intestinal protozoan in children and adults, even infect infants

Mosques could be considered as one of the most powerful architectural types throughout historical ages. With their highly symbolic formal legacy, Mosques  play an essential role in providing the Islamic city with its special identity. Nevertheless, the advent of digital technology and its ubiquity at different levels of architectural design marked the emergence of new tendencies in the Architecture of Mosques, represented by various models added to the storage of this architectural type. Consequently a review of these tendencies would be needed, aiming at pointing out the formal transformations and new suggested characteristics.

The paper investigates the surviving and the disappearing formal components of&n

The current research aims to analyze the mathematics book for the first intermediate grade according to the dimensions of mathematical power by answering the following question: What is the percentage of the availability of the dimensions of mathematical power included in the content of the mathematics textbook for first-grade students, average, in its first, and second parts for the academic year 2020-2021, approved by the Iraqi Ministry of Education / General Directorate of Curricula? The research community was determined by middle school mathematics books, and middle school students for middle ,and high school day schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education in Dhi Qar, and by the intentional test, the research sample was s

 We conclude that this study has dealt with an important aspect of the book that was not clearly defined in the book as it was derived through the book's translations, namely, the extraction of those urban structures of the city of Baghdad, which were of great importance in the religious, cultural, economic and social life at that time, The important link that reflected the development of the Islamic city in general and Baghdad in particular, as he addressed such urban facilities through the translations of the book that did not offer the outline or information about those facilities, but only the name only, and here lies the difficulty in addressing Such as T. As subjects because they need the most accurate analysis of facilities t

The Egyptian and Iraqi schools are one of the most important musical schools in the style of playing the oud. The influence of the style of these schools extended in the contemporary Arab world, and there were important names that emerged characterized with their style of playing. Thus, the ways of tuning the strings of oud varied between the two schools because of the difference in the ways of playing and the difference in the style of expression. The aim of the research was to identify the pluralism of the variable tunings of the strings of the contemporary Arab oud of the Egyptian and Iraqi schools, along the historical period extending from the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries to the present time. The oud has been classified i

The current research aims to analyze the content and and make a comparison based on the theory of art education as an organized cognitive area D.B.A.E. The researcher started by making a comparison followed by analysing the content to design a philosophical framework for content. He used these steps as starting point to study the comparison and some elements of art education due to the modern theories at the third intermediate stage in both Iraq and Egypt in light of the art education trend as an organizing cognitive area.