This study aims at defining the concept of the fragile state, a term that came into existence in 2014, when the states that had internal Problems and external interventions were referred to as the failure states. However, the indicators for their designation and the criteria adopted are 12 indicators that address all aspects of the State’s duties vis-a-vis its citizens. The study examined the reasons that led to the continuation of Iraq within the fragile states, and the selection of the five years within the time limits of the study due to the factors that led to the decline of Iraq and falling back within the most fragile countries. The study dealt with the fragile state challenges to the media reality as a result of the change of it

Semiconductor-based metal oxide gas detector of five mixed from zinc chloride Z and tin chloride S salts Z:S ratio 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% were fabricated on glass substrate by a spray pyrolysis technique. With thickness were about 0.2 ±0.05 μm using water soluble as precursors at a glass substrate temperature 500 ºC±5, 0.05 M, and their gas sensing properties toward CH4, LPG and H2S gas at different concentration (10, 100, 1000 ppm) in air were investigated at room temperature which related with the petroleum refining industry.
Furthermore structural and morphology properties were scrutinize. Results shows that the mixing ratio affect the composition of formative oxides were (ZnO, Zn2SnO4, Zn2SnO4+ZnSnO3, ZnSnO3, SnO2) ratios ment

     In this article, a new efficient approach is presented to solve a type of partial differential equations, such (2+1)-dimensional differential equations non-linear, and nonhomogeneous. The procedure of the new approach is suggested to solve important types of differential equations and get accurate analytic solutions i.e., exact solutions. The effectiveness of the suggested approach based on its properties compared with other approaches has been used to solve this type of differential equations such as the Adomain decomposition method, homotopy perturbation method, homotopy analysis method, and variation iteration method. The advantage of the present method has been illustrated by some examples.

Our aim in this paper is to introduce the notation of nearly primary-2-absorbing submodule as generalization of 2-absorbing submodule where a proper submodule  of an -module  is called nearly primary-2-absorbing submodule if whenever , for , , ,  implies that either  or  or . We got many basic, properties, examples and characterizations of this concept. Furthermore, characterizations of nearly primary-2-absorbing submodules in some classes of modules were inserted. Moreover, the behavior of nearly primary-2-absorbing submodule under -epimorphism was studied.

Let R be a ring and let A be a unitary left R-module. A proper submodule H of an R-module A is called 2-absorbing , if rsa∈H, where r,s∈R,a∈A, implies that either ra∈H or sa∈H or rs∈[H:A], and a proper submodule H of an R-module A is called quasi-prime , if rsa∈H, where r,s∈R,a∈A, implies that either ra∈H or sa∈H. This led us to introduce the concept pseudo quasi-2-absorbing submodule, as a generalization of both concepts above, where a proper submodule H of an R-module A is called a pseudo quasi-2-absorbing submodule of A, if whenever rsta∈H,where r,s,t∈R,a∈A, implies that either rsa∈H+soc(A) or sta∈H+soc(A) or rta∈H+soc(A), where soc(A) is socal of an

The title compound, [Ru3(μ3-NC6H4Br)2(CO)9], is a V-shaped triruthenium cluster, each side of the V being face-capped by a 4-bromo­phenyl­imide ligand. Each Ru atom is also ligated by three terminal carbonyl ligands. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit with minor conformational differences.

Background: There are various secreted proteins affecting the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and one of them is Angiopoietin-2(Ang-2) which is thought to have an essential role in the development and progression of the tumor. Aim of the study: This study was conducted to determine the expression of (Ang-2) in (OSCC) to assess its correlations with clinicopathological parameters of the tumor. Material and Methods: 36 formalin- fixed, paraffin- embedded tissue blocks histologically diagnosed as OSCC were examined for Ang-2 immunohistochemical expression semi quantitively. Results: The expression of Ang-2 was significantly associated with histopathological grade (P value=0.023), while there is no significant association wi

      Let  be a commutative ring with identity. The aim of this paper is introduce the notion of a pseudo primary-2-absorbing submodule as generalization of 2-absorbing submodule and a pseudo-2-absorbing submodules. A proper submodule  of an -module  is called pseudo primary-2-absorbing if whenever , for , , implies that either                  or  or . Many basic properties, examples and characterizations of these concepts are given. Furthermore, characterizations of pseudo primary-2-absorbing submodules in some classes of modules are introduced. Moreover, the behavior of a pseudo primary-2-absorbing submodul

     NS-2 is a tool to simulate networks and events that occur per packet sequentially based on time and are widely used in the research field. NS-2 comes with NAM (Network Animator) that produces a visual representation it also supports several simulation protocols. The network can be tested end-to-end. This test includes data transmission, delay, jitter, packet-loss ratio and throughput. The Performance Analysis simulates a virtual network and tests for transport layer protocols at the same time with variable data and analyzes simulation results based on the network simulator NS-2.

Gallstone disease is one of the most common complications among diabetic patients especially type 2 DM. Till now, there is no specific and certain factor that explain the incidence of gallstones among type 2 diabetic patients and many risk factors are taken collectively to estimate its intensity and severity compared to non diabetic counter parts. This clinical study was designed to evaluate and report the incidence and severity of gallstones among type 2 diabetics and non diabetics regarding certain factors. 20 diabetic females and 20 diabetic males were collected as patients′ group and have had gallstones while 20 females and 20 males who have had gallstones without diabetes mellitus type 2 were collected as controls′ group