Patch in transdermal drug delivery(TDDS) used to overcome the hypodermic drawback, but these patch also have absorption limitation for hydrophilic and macromolecule like peptide and DNA. So that micronized projection have the ability for skin penetration developed named as microneedle.  Microneedle drug delivery system is a novel drug delivery to overcome the limitation of TDDS like skin barrier restriction for large molecule. Microneedle patch can penetrate through skin subcutaneous into epidermis, avoiding nerve fiber and blood vessel contact. There are many type of microneedle patch like solid, polymer, hallow, hydrogel forming microneedle and dissolving microneedle with different method of microfabrication

A series of new 2-quinolone derivatives linked to benzene sulphonyl moieties were performed by many steps: the first step involved preparation of different coumarins (A1,A2) by condensation of different substituted phenols with ethyl acetoacetate. The compound A1 was treated with nitric acid to afford two isomers of nitrocoumarin derivatives (A3) and (A4). The prepared compounds (A2, A3) were treated with hydrazine hydrate to synthesize different 2-quinolone compounds (A5,A6) while the coumarin treated with different amines gave compounds (A7,A8). Then the synthesized 2-quinolone compounds (A5-A8) treated with benzene sulphonyl chloride to afford new sulfonamide derivatives (A9-A12). The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H

This paper discusses reliability R of the (2+1) Cascade model of inverse Weibull distribution. Reliability is to be found when strength-stress distributed is inverse Weibull random variables with unknown scale parameter and known shape parameter. Six estimation methods (Maximum likelihood, Moment, Least Square, Weighted Least Square, Regression and Percentile) are used to estimate reliability. There is a comparison between six different estimation methods by the simulation study by MATLAB 2016, using two statistical criteria Mean square error and Mean Absolute Percentage Error, where it is found that best estimator between the six estimators is Maximum likelihood estimation method.

            Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic autoimmune disorder with chronic inflammation changes of unknown etiology. Various synovial inflammatory and proliferative alterations may contribute to the cartilaginous tissues and invasive bony tissues, leading to destructive joints and malformed bones. This disease is mostly due to infective microorganisms or genetic susceptibility causing immune system disturbances through triggering both T-cells and B-cells. Furthermore, different immune cells may secret cytokines, which are responsible for some RA pathogenesis activity. From ninety individuals, serum sample was collected; thirty of them were normal and sixty cases were patients with RA attended a privet medical clin

Background: Zinc is involved in a variety of
metabolic processes and it has a well known
antioxidant activity, so the measurement of its serum
level can have a special value in several diseases.
Objectives: The study is designed to determine the
serum zinc level in heart failure patients and to
compare it with that of healthy individuals and to
study the significance of the results obtained.
Methods: Atomic absorption spectrometer
technique was used to determine serum zinc level in
fifty heart failure patients and fifty healthy individuals
who were age and sex matched.
Results: The mean serum zinc level in healthy
individuals was about 45.5% greater than that of heart
failure patients. This diffe

Background: Laparoscopic surgery for
appendicitis is now a well established and
advanced method of performing general surgical
procedures.
Objectives: To compare the outcome of
laparoscopic and open appendectomies in terms
of operative time, analgesic requirement,
postoperative complications, hospital stay, return
to normal activity and condition of scar.
Methods: This prospective study was carried
out from 1stMay 2008-1st January 2010, involving
110 patients (45 male and 65 female) with
features suggestive of acute appendicitis were
divided into 45 patients laparoscopic
appendectomy (LA) group and 65 patients open
appendectomy (OA) group, after taking informed
consent. LA was done with the

Background: Dialysis is in common use to treat patients
with end stage renal failure .However longstanding dialysis
harboring some cellular changes in various body fluids.
This study was conducted in order to detect these changes
in urine.
Objective: The study was conducted to detect cellular
changes in urine of patients with longstanding dialysis.
Method: Fifty-three urine samples were examined
cytologically obtained from patients with longstanding
dialysis during 6 months period. Freshly voided midstream
urine samples were taken . Samples were centrifuged and 2
to 3 drops of sediments were smeared on 2 glass slides and
fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol then stained with Hand E stain
to be evaluated.
R

Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is the
most common rheumatic cause of diffuse pain and
multiple regional musculoskeletal pain and disability.
Objective: is to assess the contribution of serum
lipoprotein (A) in the pathogenesis of FMS patients.
Methods: One hundred twenty two FMS patients
were compared with 60 healthy control individuals
who were age and sex matched. All FMS features and
criteria are applied for patients and controls; patients
with secondary FMS were excluded. Serum
Lipoprotein (A): [Lp(A)], body mass index (BMI), &
s.lipid profile were determined for both groups.
Results: There was a statistical significant difference
between patients &controls in serum lipoprotein