The CIGS/CdS p-n junction thin films were fabricated and deposited at room temperature with rate of deposition 5, and 6 nm secG1 , on ITO glass substrates with 1mm thickness by thermal evaporation technique at high vacuum pressure 2×10G5 mbar, with area of 1 cm2 and Aluminum electrode as back contact. The thickness of absorber layer (CIGS) was 1 µm while the thickness of the window layer CdS film was 300 nm. The X-ray Diffraction results have shown that all thin films were polycrystalline with orientation of 112 and 211 for CIGS thin films and 111 for CdS films. The direct energy gaps for CIGS and CdS thin films were 1.85 and 2.4 eV, respectively. Atomic Force Microscopy measurement proves that both films CIGS and CdS films have nanostru

  This study investigated the effect of applying an external magnetic field on the characteristics of laser-induced plasma, such as its parameters plasma, magnetization properties, emission line intensities, and plasma coefficients, for plasma induced from zinc oxide: aluminum composite (ZO:AL) at an atomic ratio of 0.3 %. Plasma properties include magnetization and emission line intensities. The excitation was done by a pulsed laser of Nd:YAG with 400 mJ energy at atmospheric pressure. Both the electron temperature and number density were determined with the help of the Stark effect principle and the Boltzmann-Plot method. There was a rise in the amount of (n_e) and (T_e) that was produced

Although the profession of a marriage mediator is dominated by a social character, and it is also characterized by its practice in the midst of strict secrecy, because Eastern societies innately reject this method of searching for a life partner. The two parties play a prominent role of the will in the events of legal effects, and the obligations and rights owed by the contracting parties, which leads us to consider the agreement between the mediator and the one who wants to marry going to the purely contractual nature, and thus requires the correct legal adaptation on the contractual relationship that is achieved between the marriage mediator and his clients from Those who want to get married and therefore we will divide this research into

The effect of irradiation and exposure time of laser light on the fluorescence emission of DCM dye in PMMA polymer contained in the composition mold using different metals have been investigated. It was found that the fluorescence intensity decreases as the exposure time increases and then reaches stabilization at long times. The effect of the incident laser power on fluorescence intensity of DCM dye in PMMA polymer at 10-3 M and 20% mixing ratio, using copper disks of composition molds, has been studied too. It was observed that there is an upward knick in the curve at laser intensity of 19.2 W/cm2, which may be associated with the threshold for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) or laser action. And at intensity higher than about 88.

         Long-term use of sulfonylureas including chlorpropamide, is known to potentiate the antidiuretic action of arginine vasopressin (AVP), predisposing to hyponatremia.The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of long term use of glibenclamide on serum and urinary levels of sodium and potassium in Type 2 DM patients in Iraqi DM centers. Ninety eight patients with Type 2 DM who were maintained on different doses of glibenclamide for at least 1 year, attending the centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology in Al-Rusafa, Baghdad, were enrolled in the study, in addition to 15 normal healthy subjects. Patients were allocated into three groups according to the dose of glibenc

This research studies the development and synthesis of blended nanocomposites filled with Titanium dioxide (TiO2). Blended nanocomposites based on unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and epoxy resins were synthesized by reactive blending. The optimum quantity from nano partical of titanium dioxide was selected and different weight proportions 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% ratios of new epoxy are blended with UPR resin. The dielectric breakdown strength and thermal conductivity properties of the blended nanocomposites were compared with those of the basis material (UPR and 3% TiO2).The results show good compatibility epoxy resins with the UPR resin on blending, dielectric breakdown strength values  are higher while thermal conductivity values of

Abstract

In this manuscript, a simple new method for the green synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) utilizing F. carica Fig extract as reducing agent for antimicrobial activities was reported. Simultaneously, the microstructural and morphological features of the synthesized Pt NPs were thoroughly investigated. In particular, the attained Pt NPs exhibited spherical shape with diameter range of 5-30 nm and root mean square of 9.48 nm using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), respectively. Additionally, the final product (Pt NPs) was screened as antifungal and antibacterial agent against Candida and Aspergillus species as well as Gram-positive Staphyllococcus aureus and G

In this paper, the density of state (DOS) at Fe metal contact to Titanium dioxide semiconductor (TiO2) has been studied and investigated using quantum consideration approaches. The study and calculations of (DOS) depended on the orientation and driving energies. was a function of TiO2 and Fe materials' refractive index and dielectric constant. Attention has focused on the effect of on the characteristic of (DOS), which increased with the increasing of refractive index and dielectric constant of Fe metal and vice versa. The results of (DOS) and its relation with and values of system have been discussed. As for contact system is increased, (DOS) values increased at first, but the relation is disturbed later and transforms into an inve

It is often noted that disordered materials have different chemical properties to their more “ordered” cousins. Quantifying these effects in terms of thermodynamics is challenging in part because disordered materials can be difficult to characterize and are frequently relatively unstable. During the course of our experiments to understand the effects of disorder in catalysts for water oxidation we observed that many disordered manganese and cobalt oxide water oxidation catalysts directly oxidized peroxide in contrast to their more ordered analogues which catalyzed its disproportionation, that is, MnO2+2H+ +H2O2! Mn2+ +2H2O+O2(oxidation) versus H2O2!H2O+1=2 O2(disproportionation). By measuring the efficiency for one reaction over the oth