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Increasing confidence in full field modelling and water flood planning for a giant reservoir under primary depletion through Material Balance modelling
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Abstract<p>One of the principle inputs to project economics and all business decisions is a realistic production forecast and a practical and achievable development plan (i.e. waterflood). Particularly this becomes challenging in supergiant oil fields with medium to low lateral connectivity. The main objectives of the Production Forecast and feasibility study for water injection are:</p><p>1- Provide an overview of the total expected production profile, expected wells potential/spare capacity, water breakthrough timing and water cut development over time</p><p>2- Highlight the requirements to maintain performance, suggest the optimum development pattern</p><p>3- Increasing confidence in business decisions to develop the reservoir in question</p><p>The main tool used for these purposes is a sophisticated reservoir simulation software, namely CMG©, since it can predict reservoir behavior, honor physical constraints and capture the heterogeneity within the reservoir to accurately predict performance. However, the starting point for this kind of complicated studies needs to start from the basics, in order to understand the big picture and be able to plan properly for the scope to be delivered, hence, utilizing analytical tools like MBAL becomes quite necessary, if not crucial, to the success of full field modelling and choosing an optimum water flood pattern and design.</p><p>This paper covers the methodology for building the reservoir component utilizing a Material Balance model, of which the results will be used as an input to reservoir simulation to evaluate and accurately predict reservoir performance, which directly feeds into planning for water flooding projects and selection of an optimum flood pattern.</p><p>A Tank model was built at first to assess and understand the driving forces (energies) of the reservoir in question, utilizing pressure and production data from legacy wells, the prepared model is also supported by geological and petro physical studies to give representative results. Acquired Static Bottom Hole Pressures (SBHPs) in wells were used as anchor points for the tank pressure and to test the validity of the history match. Multiple analytical methods to QC the results and STOIIP volume were conducted, e.g. the Havlena-Odeh method.</p><p>This methodology has been tested successfully in the stated super giant oil field, in which the reservoir in question is a carbonate rock formation. An example of this is covered in the paper. It was concluded that utilizing a history matched and coherent MBAL model before conducting a detailed reservoir simulation study can save a lot of time and effort by providing guidance to the path which needs to be followed, and sheds light on the critical elements to be looked after. This has also helped to uncover the driving mechanisms and energies in the reservoir, hence allowing the engineer to plan for the necessary voidage replacement and water injection rates to sustain the reservoir pressure and pattern development. Another technical advantage of the described method is the higher sustainability of the model.</p><p>The suggested method, in combination with geological and petro physical information available, can be applied to majority of the reservoirs. This combination is paramount to ensure optimum time and planning that is followed for each reservoir development study that involves water flooding.</p>
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Publication Date
Thu Aug 06 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Objectivity of the Liaison in the Iraqi Media Institutions (Al Mada, Azzaman, Al-Sumaria, Aletejah Instituations & Satalite Channels as a Model)
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Objectivity is the common denominator between the qualities and elements of a news story that is described as the mother of journalistic arts. When there is doubt about the authenticity of the information contained in the press, whether readable, audible or visual, it means that there is an imbalance in objectivity. When, furthermore, there is an incorrect and intentional use of words in order to influence readers, it means to move away from objectivity as a necessary element in the success of the media institution; and the success of its editorial material.

But the objective interpretation may take several dimensions to the liaison. For the purpose of grasping the interpretation of objectivity among those liaisons working in the

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 06 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Employment of Body Language in Television Advertising An Analytical Study of Al-Hayat TV Commercials (The Egyptian Series as a Model)
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Whatever the designers of the advertisement in choosing the text and spoken phrases, those phrases cannot give or convey the full meaning to the recipient only if this spoken and written language is reinforced with another language based on the signals, movements, and symbols that are displayed using the body or other artistic elements of the advertisement such as pictures, colors, music, effects, and other elements used in the artistic construction of television advertising. All these artistic elements contribute to the completion of the advertising idea and make it ready to be displayed to the public.

Scientists and researchers, in the field of psychology, have relied a lot on this language (body language). And some of them put

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 30 2023
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
The indexing of the Al-Kindy College Medical Journal in the Scopus Database Journals: A Fundamental Step toward an International Recognition
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On Saturday, May 13, 2023, a glorious day was engraved in the history of Al-Kindy College Medical Journal as it is the day of indexing the journal in the Scopus Database Journals. The journal has paced a strenuous journey to make that achievement.

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 30 2024
Journal Name
International Review Of Electrical Engineering (iree)
Enhancing Efficiency in Distribution Power Networks by Power Factor Controlling of Renewable Energy Generators: a Case Study of Iraqi Wasit Network
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Integrating Renewable Energy (RE) into Distribution Power Networks (DPNs) is a choice for efficient and sustainable electricity. Controlling the power factor of these sources is one of the techniques employed to manage the power loss of the grid. Capacitor banks have been employed to control phantom power, improving voltage and reducing power losses for several decades. The voltage sag and the significant power losses in the Iraqi DPN make it good evidence to be a case study proving the efficiency enhancement by adjusting the RE power factor. Therefore, this paper studies a part of the Iraqi network in a windy and sunny region, the Badra-Zurbatya-11 kV feeder, in the Wasit governorate. A substation of hybrid RE sources is connected to this

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Dental And Medical Problems
Effect of the local application of bupivacaine in early pain control following impacted mandibular third molar surgery: A randomized controlled study
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Background: Postoperative pain is one of the main complications following impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) surgery. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the local application of bupivacaine on reducing early postoperative pain following IMTM surgery. Material and methods: A prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled study was conducted on 40 patients who had undergone the surgical removal of an IMTM under local anesthesia. In the study group (n = 20), absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS) soaked in 3 mL of 0.5% plain bupivacaine hydrochloride was locally applied in the post-extraction socket. In the control group (n = 20), AGS soaked in 3 mL of normal saline was used. Pain intensity was assessed using a pa

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
A study of the phonetic changes of Arabic loanwords in Balochi: بررسی تغییرات آوایی وام واژه های عربی در زبان بلوچی
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 Abstract  Lanɡauaɡes, like humans, need communication and interaction to prosper. One of the ways for a language to flourish is to borrow words from other languages. The southern regions of Iran and the coastal countries of Persian Gulf have had strong cultural relations since old times, with language being a dimension of these relations. With their land being geographically located in the realm of Islamic civilization and being Muslims,  Baloch people have had strong connections with the Arab world and the Arabic language.Thus, many Arabic words have made their ways into Balochi language either directly or indirectly through persian language. Since each language has its own unique sound structure, these loanwords have undergone ph

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 05 2024
Journal Name
European Endodontic Journal
Assessment of Treatment Quality Risk Factors Influencing the Radiographic Detection of Apical Periodontitis in Root-Filled Teeth: A Retrospective CBCT Analysis
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 11 2022
Journal Name
3rd International Scientific Conference Of Alkafeel University (iscku 2021)
Elimination of the broadening in X-ray diffraction lines profile for nanoparticles by using the analysis of diffraction lines method
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In this research, the results of the Integral breadth method were used to analyze the X-ray lines to determine the crystallite size and lattice strain of the zirconium oxide nanoparticles and the value of the crystal size was equal to (8.2nm) and the lattice strain (0.001955), and then the results were compared with three other methods, which are the Scherer and Scherer dynamical diffraction theory and two formulas of the Scherer and Wilson method.the results were as followsScherer crystallite size(7.4nm)and lattice strain(0.011968),Schererdynamic method crystallite size(7.5 nm),Scherrer and Wilson methodcrystallite size( 8.5nm) and lattice strain( 0.001919).And using another formula for Schearer and Wilson methodwe obtain the size of the c

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The application target cost technique by using reverse engineering: An application study in the general company for vegetable oils industry
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The Purpose of this study is mainly to improve the competitive position of products economic units using technique target cost and method reverse engineering and through the application of technique and style on one of the public sector companies (general company for vegetable oils) which are important in the detection of prices accepted in the market for items similar products and processing the problem of high cost which attract managerial and technical leadership to the weakness that need to be improved through the introduction of new innovative solutions which make appropriate change to satisfy the needs of consumers in a cheaper way to affect the decisions of private customer to buy , especially of purchase private economic units to

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 25 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for Genes Cause Drug-Resistant in Iraqi Mycobacterium Tuberculosis isolates by new Pyrophosphate Technique.
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In this search, a new pyrophosphate technique was proved. The technique was employed to single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which diagnosis using a one-base extension reaction. Three Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes were chosen (Rpob, InhA, KatG) genes. Fifty-four specimens were used in this study fifty-three proved as drug-resistant specimens by The Iraqi Institute of Chest and Respiratory Diseases in Baghdad.; also one specimen was used as a negative control. The steps of this technique were by used a specific primer within each aliquot that has a short 3-OH end of the base of the target gene that was hybridized to the single-stranded DNA template. Then, the Taq polymerase enzyme and one of either α-thio-dATP, dTTP, dGTP, or dCTP

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