An innovative desalination method called electrosorption or capacitive deionization (CDI) has significant benefits for wastewater treatment. This process is performed by using a carbon fiber electrode as a working electrode to remove hexavalent chromium ions from an aqueous solution. The pH, NaCl concentration, and cell voltage were optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design (BDD) in response surface methodology (RSM) to study the effects and interactions of selected variables. To attain the relationship between the process variables and chromium removal, the experimental data were subjected to an analysis of variance and fitted with a quadratic model. The optimum conditions to remove Cr(VI) ions were: pH of 2, a cell voltage of 4.3V, and NaCl concentration of 1.4 g/L. This study demonstrated that the carbon fiber electrode was very efficient in Cr(VI) ions removal and the BBD methodology was a practical and effective strategy for predicting the results of various experimental conditions during a CDI process for the removal of chromium ions.
Simple and sensitive batch and Flow-injection spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Procaine HCl in pure form and in injections were proposed. These methods were based on a diazotization reaction of procaine HCl with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid to form diazonium salt, which is coupled with chromatropic acid in alkaline medium to form an intense pink water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 508 nm. A graphs of absorbance versus concentration show that Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 1-40 and 5-400 µg.ml-1 of Procaine HCl, with detection limits of 0.874 and 3.75 µg.ml-1 of Procaine HCl for batch and FIA methods respectively. The FIA average sample throughput was 70 h-1. A
... Show MoreIn this study , Iraqi Bentonite clay was used as a filler for polyvinyl chloride polymer. Bentonite clay was prepared as a powder for some certain particle size ,followed by calcinations process at (300,700,900) OC ,then milled and sieved. The selected sizes were D ~75 µm and D ~150. After that polyvinyl Al-Cohool solution prepared and used as a coated layer covered the Bentonite powder before applied as a filler ,followed by drying , milling and sieving for limited recommend sizes. polyvinyl chloride solutions were prepared and adding of modified Bentonite power at certain quantities were followed .Sheet of these variables on the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared reinforced particular polyvinyl chloride composite
... Show MoreThis study was carried out to determine the effect of extras of orange peel of (Citrus sinensis) in concentrations (1,5, 10) % as well as stomachic effect for the powder of the plant with doses of 5,10 , 15/gm on the biological activities of the adults of Tribolim confusum . The effect of powder from the adults has been evaluated using different concentrations of the orange peel. The results showed that the powder have significant effect on the mortality rates of adults. and caused reduction in number of adults after 3 days with 5,10,15/gm killed (30,40, 43.3)% respectively. The use of different doses of Citrus sinensis peels powder not impact significantly after just one day. The extract of essential oil also caused growth inhibition in
... Show MoreTh r:ats for the photo induced eleytr-on tra;nsfer reactions in the
Methylen-e blue 'l'vffi+ ·dye· with benzo_phenone (ABP) ketone in variety
solvc;:nts al n:loin tempemtme ha;ve qn calculated . Electron trans_ fer
-rates are large in• }stt:on;gly--'{:'lolaf- solvent and week in-l s.s :polar solvent.
the high values o:E t±te r.tes a_f electro-n tr;ans-fer indicate that tite dye
triplet i$ mqre, r activ.e toWard ABP ket-one.
Field experiment was conducted to test the effect of saline water and fertilizers rate on Pisum sativum L. plants . Treatments of the experiment included two levels of water salinity (2, 7 dSm-1) as a main plot and three levels of potash fertilization K2SO4 (44%K) namely 150 control, 300 and 450 kg/Donum as a sub plot. Results indicated that irrigation of plant with saline water 7 dSm-¹ caused a significant decrease in K and P contents specially in the upper parts of the plants , the percentage of the K increased (2.80%) under 2 dSm-¹of irrigation water and 300 kg/ donum fertilizer rate in the upper leaves, However K decreased(1.10%) in lower leaves under 7 dSm-¹ and 300 kg/donum fertilizer. while P increased in pods und
... Show MoreBoth 13C 16O and 22Ne 25Mg reactions perform a cosmic role in the production of neutrons in AGB stars, which significantly contributes to the nucleosynthesis via the s-process. The astrophysical S-factor for both reactions is calculated in this research, utilizing EMPIRE code and depending on two parameter sets for the optical potential. These datasets were published earlier by McFadden and Satchler (denoted here as MFS) and Avrigeanu and Hodgson (denoted as AH) for the non-resonant region of the spectrum and over a temperature range of . The extrapolated S-factor at zero energy is derived to be and for 13C 16O, while the values were and fo
... Show MoreThis research deals with compound sentences in the German language and how to transform them and transfer them into a main sentence, touching on their functions and characteristics. Actual to nominative, which is a unique feature of the German language, with some diverse examples taken from various sources.This case is distinguished, like other grammatical cases
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Language is a vehicle for social values and ideologies that a man intends or attempts to express. Dramatic texts are one of the discursive practices that embody values and ideologies. What is expressed in dramatic text is deliberate because it is meant to affect other’s values, trends and ideologies in one way or another. Such ideologies and values are not explicit. To bring them out requires putting language under scrutiny to unveil what is implied. The present study attempts to analyze a dramatic script entitled Advice to Iraqi Women by the British playwright Martin Crimp in an attempt to unveil the intended political ideologies underlying the text. The title reflects a political aspect embedded in the word “Iraqi” that
... Show MoreSolvent- free thermal heating, one-pot condensation of acetophenone, ethyl cyanoacetate or malononitrle and substituted Aromatic aldehyde, ammonium acetate give, 2oxo-3-cyano-4-substituted Aryl-6-phenyl pyridine [I]a-h , or 2-amino-3-cyano-4-substituted Aryl-6-phenyl pyridine derivatives[II]a-f , respectively. Treatment of compounds 2-oxo-3-cyano-4-substituted Aryl-6-phenyl pyridine with phosphorous penta sulphide (P2S5), give 2-thioxo-3-cyano-4-substituted Aryl-6-phenyl pyridine derivatives[III]a-c . All prepared compounds
... Show MoreIn this work, a composite material was prepared from Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with different weight percent of grain and calcinations kaolin at temperature of (850oC) using single screw extruder and a mixing machine operated at a temperature between (190-200oC). Some of mechanical and physical properties such as tensile strength, tensile strength at break, Young modulus, and elongation at break, shore hardness and water absorption were determined at different weight fraction of filler (0, 2, 7, 10 and 15%). It was found that the addition of filler increases the modulus of elasticity, elongation at break, shore hardness and impact strength; on other hand, it decreases the tensile strength and tensile strength
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