This study aims to encapsulate atenolol within floating alginate-ethylcellulose beads as an oral controlled-release delivery system using aqueous colloidal polymer dispersion (ACPD) method.To optimize drug entrapment efficiency and dissolution behavior of the prepared beads, different parameters of drug: polymer ratio, polymer mixture ratio, and gelling agent concentration were involved.The prepared beads were investigated with respect to their buoyancy, encapsulation efficiency, and dissolution behavior in the media: 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2), acetate buffer (pH 4.6) and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The release kinetics and mechanism of the drug from the prepared beads was investigated.All prepared atenolol beads remained floating on 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) medium over 24 hours. Besides, high yield beads of 73.07- 84.31% was obtained. Encapsulation efficiencies were in the range of 33.10 % -79.04 %, and were found to increase as a function of increasing drug: polymer mixture ratio and the gelling agent concentrations.Moreover, atenolol release profile from the beads was affected by the pH of the dissolution medium. It was found to be slowest in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) and fastest in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8).The obtained results suggest that atenolol could be formulated as a controlled release beads, using ethylcellulose and alginate as polymers, using ACPD method. Keywords: Floating beads, Atenolol, Controlled Delivery System
The study aimed to reveal the degree of inclusion of media concepts in the books of social and national studies in general education in light of the criteria of media education and the nature of the Saudi society. Additionally, to identify the estimations of the participants in the study of the importance of including media concepts in these books, and to build a matrix of the range and sequence of media concepts in the books of social and national studies in the grades of Saudi general education. The study followed the descriptive approach in both descriptive analysis of the textbooks and descriptive survey of the study participants who were (203) students in the schools of boys and girls in general education in Makkah. The study used t
... Show MoreThe effect of ozone gas with temperatures 35. 40 and 45 Celsius to control on larval and adult stages of Tribolium castaneum was tested and at time of exposure 1.0, 3.0, 7.0, 9.0, 11.0, 13.0 hours and the level of relative humidity prevailing during the test 45 ± 1%. Results showed significant differences between the exposure times, when the percentage of mortality 100% between larvae (primary, intermediate and advanced) in the treatment effect at a temperature of 35 Celsius with ozone gas at exposure time to 9.0, 11.0, 11.0 hours for the three ages respectively, and adult (male and female) in the same treatment when the three heat degrees had given ratios the total mortality reached 100% of both males at exposure time to 7.0 ,3
... Show MoreMercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead, were measured in sediment samples of river and marine environmental of Basra governorate in southern of Iraq. Sixteen sites of sediment were selected and distributed along Shatt Al-Arab River and the Iraqi marine environment. The samples were distributed among one station on Euphrates River before its confluence with Tigris River and Shatt Al-Arab formation, seven stations along Shatt Al-Arab River and eight stations were selected from the Iraqi marine region. All samples were collected from surface sediment in low tide time. ICP technique was used for the determination of mercury and arsenic for all samples, while cadmium and lead were measured for the same samples by using Atomic Absorption Spectrosc
... Show MoreStable new derivative (L) Bis[O,O-2,3;O,O-5,6(carboxylic methyliden)]L-ascorbic acid was synthesized in good yield by the reaction of L-ascorbic acid with dichloroacetic acid with ratio (1:2) in presence of potassium hydroxide. The new (L) was characterized by 1H,13C-NMR, elemental analysis (C,H) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The complexes of the ligand (L) with metal ion, M+2= (Cu, Co, Ni, Cd and Hg) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, UV-Visible, Molar conductance, Atomic absorption and the Molar ratio. The analysis evidence showed the binding of the metal ions with (L) through bicarboxylato group manner resulting in six-coordinated metal ion.
Background: Preoperative radiographical assessment of the maxillofacial lesions is of a great importance in guiding the surgeon during surgical procedure in reducing post-operative complications. This study highlighted the application of CBCT scan in the assessment of maxillofacial cystic and cystic like lesions as a part of advanced radiology Materials and methods: A total of 20 patients (15 males and 5 females) participated in this prospective study. CBCT scan (Kodak 9500 CBCT) with (DICOM) software utilized to perform scanning to all patients in order to assess lesion extension, morphological features and it’s relation to the adjacent vital structures. Results: In this study, the total cystic and cystic like lesions involving the
... Show MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of seed size, plant growth regulators and some chemical materials on seed vigour and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) an experiment was conducted in 2015 at Laboratories of Agriculture and Marshes College, University of Thi-Qar. Factorial experiment in CRD was used with four replications in two factors. The first factor included three seed sizes (4.6-5.1, 5.2-5.7 and 5.8-6.3 mm). The second factor was seeds soaking treatments (KNO3 6 gl-1, CaCl2 20 gl-1, salicylic acid 20 mg l-1, cytokinin 40 mg l-1, gibberllic acid 400 mg l-1, ascorbic acid 40 mg l-1 and seeds soaked in distilled water). The results showed that the largest seed size influenced significantly and gave the higher averages of germinatio
... Show MoreA field study was conducted at the college of Agriculture, Baghdad University-Jadiriyah to investigate the effect of adding potassium fertilizer and organic nutrient (Reef Amirich) on the population density of two sucking pests of cucumber, cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and onion thrips, Thrips tabaci during the spring season/2016. Results indicated that potassium sulphate (50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) and organic nutrient (0.8 and 1.6ml/l) reduced both the population density of B. tabaci and T. tabaci nymphs depending on the fertilizer level of the user, the treatment 150 kg/ha for the potassium fertilizer and 1.6 ml/L for organic nutrient was the highest among others when minimized density of nymphs by 1.62 nymphs of B. tabaci/disk leaf and 0
... Show MoreThe aim of the research is to identify the reality of administrative motivation for the deans of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences at the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya from the point of download of the faculty members. The number of the exploratory sample was (7) faculty members, they were taken in a random way, while the rest of the sample number was (150) faculty members who considered the application sample for the scale, and the two researchers also adopted a questionnaire for the scale and it is applied to the Iraqi environment. phrase, which are phrases that are interrelated with the administrative leadership motivation in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences. The researchers did
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