The oil sector in Iraq suffered from several difficulties led to the decline and reduction of oil production and the deterioration of refineries and transport pipeline status in addition to the weakness of the technology side and the prevalence of financial and administrative corruption besides the high costs of rehabilitation of the oil sector and also administrative and institutional problems still ongoing. 

 In spite of Iraq's possession of vast oil wealth allows him to play an important role in the international energy market، he is still under the level. The production of oil doesn'<

Abstract :                                                                                                            

In light of the trend of the countries of t

تهدف هذه الد ا رسة الى التعرف على السلوك التصويتي للمقترعات الع ا رقيات. والأسباب التي تدفعهن للمشاركة في عملية الاقت ا رع، والعوامل المؤثرة في خيا ا رتهن التصويتية والأسباب التي تجعلها تفضل اختيار الرجل أو اختيار ام أ ر ة ، وأخي ا رً مدى م ا رعاة اج ا رءات الاقت ا رع لظروف النساء واحتياجاتهن واهتماماتهن. اعتم دتالد ا رسة منهجاً وصفياً واستعان ت بطريقة المسح بالعينةاما الاداة الرئيسية فهي الاستمارة الاستبيانية.

The main target of this research is to follow the stages of the emergence of
the idea of republican form of government from its very beginning , yet there
were many elements from different estates thinker , educated , few of heads of
clans . This first opportunity for the mobilization of politically-minded people
with fundamental activity like najei shokat . hussain al-rahal notable poet maruf
al-rasafi those who formed what so called the political elite who believed in
constitutional , democratic parliamentary republic , one of them was al-rahal who
called for a constitutional republic even before the emergence of the
constitutional movement in Iran and ottoman empire (1908).
The holy najaf become cultural cen

After a temporary halt to forced thghebr in different cities of Iraq this methodlogy
opeations returned directiy in the areas of political conflict on the ground which are translated
operations and forced displacement violence es they operations aimed at completing the
forced displacement that occurred after the occupation in(2003)which took an upward curve
publicly after these events and some of which are aimed at the liquidation of some provinces
than any demographic diversity of religious or sectarian or alhens and others aimed at
redemographic distribution within the province itself to produce a net sectarian zones as is the
case in Diyala Nineveh and Babylon Baghdad has the epicenter of sectarian violence and th

The nation-building process in fragile states is complex, often involving multifaceted challenges and opportunities. A pertinent example is Iraq post-2003, which serves as a model to study the intricacies of rebuilding a nation in the aftermath of conflict. During this period, we witnessed a significant international intervention aimed at establishing democratic governance, fostering economic development, and restoring social stability. Iraq’s nation-building journey showcases both successes and shortcomings. Establishing a representative government marked a step towards inclusivity and political participation, yet sectarian tensions persisted, hindering cohesive national identity. Economic initiatives aimed to harness Iraq's oil resou

The legal text in the language of civil law, constitutional law, language of judges, and legal profession is concerned with a legal language and words that are coherently significant

Research Summary

This research deals with the history of the founding of one of the most prominent religious schools in Iraqi Kurdistan and its scientific and cognitive contributions that lasted for more than a century, which is the “Biyara” school, where it was a large scientific institution from which distinguished scholars graduated who served Islam and Muslims in Iraq and neighboring countries, and played an important role in teaching Mental and transport sciences and the preservation of the Arabic language in Iraqi Kurdistan. The history of the founding of this school goes back to the year 1037 AH, at the hands of its founder, Sheikh Oma

Business incubator is a new effective mechanism in developing small projects through its introductions of a new integral system of services. It aims at supporting and developing making new projects. Hence, there is a big number of factors that are interrelated in the processes of preparation for those projects. Those factors are: organizing the incubator and the market available for the projects attached to them and the work programs which will have to be implemented. Those small projects represent more than 98% of the total work institutions in the world. Also it has become responsible for a ration reaching half of the national output of those countries. These projects have created between 40 to 80% of job opportunities availabl

العراق في مواجهة متطلبات الانضمام الى منظمة التجارة العالمية