The aim of this work is to study reverse osmosis characteristics for copper sulfate hexahydrate (CuSO4.6H2O), nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4.6H2O) and zinc sulfate hexahydrate (ZnSO4.6H2O) removal from aqueous solution which discharge from some Iraqi factories such as Alnasser Company for mechanical industries. The mode of operation of reverse osmosis was permeate is removed and the concentrate of metals solution is recycled back to the feed vessel. Spiral-wound membrane is thin film composite membrane (TFC) was used to conduct this study on reverse osmosis. The variables studied are metals concentrations (50 – 150 ppm) and time (15 – 90 min). It was found that increasing the time results in an increase in concentration of metal in permeate, feed concentration in feed vessel and recovery percent. While, it was found that water flux, rejection percent and mass transfer coefficient is decreasing with increasing operating time. Also, it was found that the permeate concentration and feed concentration in feed vessel increases with increasing feed concentration, on the contrary, water flux, the percentage of recovery, rejection percent and mass transfer coefficient decreases with increasing the concentration of feed solution. The maximum rejection of copper, nickel, and zinc salts are 96.6%, 95.7% and 98.2% respectively. The maximum recovery percentage of copper, nickel, and zinc salts are 40.8%, 41.35% and 38.44% respectively. The pure water permeability constant was calculated for TFC membrane.
Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) is an important technology for applications that require speedy, high-accuracy processing of a huge volume of hand-filled forms. The aim of this technology is to reduce manual work, human effort, high accuracy in assessment, and minimize time for evaluation answer sheets. This paper proposed OMR by using Modify Bidirectional Associative Memory (MBAM), MBAM has two phases (learning and analysis phases), it will learn on the answer sheets that contain the correct answers by giving its own code that represents the number of correct answers, then detection marks from answer sheets by using analysis phase. This proposal will be able to detect no selection or select more than one choice, in addition, using M
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The Adaptive Optics technique has been developed to obtain the correction of atmospheric seeing. The purpose of this study is to use the MATLAB program to investigate the performance of an AO system with the most recent AO simulation tools, Objected-Oriented Matlab Adaptive Optics (OOMAO). This was achieved by studying the variables that impact image quality correction, such as observation wavelength bands, atmospheric parameters, telescope parameters, deformable mirror parameters, wavefront sensor parameters, and noise parameters. The results presented a detailed analysis of the factors that influence the image correction process as well as the impact of the AO components on that process
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thirty adult NewZealand rabbits used in this study, they were divided in to two groups (control and treaded with Helium — Neon laser). A square skin flap done on the medial aspect of the auricle of both sides, a square piece of cartilage incised, pealed out from each auricle and fixed in the site of the other, then the flaps sutured .The site of the operation in the rabbits of the treated group were irradiated using a Helium —Neon laser with (5mw) power for (10 days) began after the operation directly, (3 rabbits) from each group used for collection of specimens for histopathological examination at the weeks (1,2,3,4, & 6) weeks post the operation .The results revealed Early invasion of the matrix with elastic fibers which continue to t
... Show MoreTo maintain the security and integrity of data, with the growth of the Internet and the increasing prevalence of transmission channels, it is necessary to strengthen security and develop several algorithms. The substitution scheme is the Playfair cipher. The traditional Playfair scheme uses a small 5*5 matrix containing only uppercase letters, making it vulnerable to hackers and cryptanalysis. In this study, a new encryption and decryption approach is proposed to enhance the resistance of the Playfair cipher. For this purpose, the development of symmetric cryptography based on shared secrets is desired. The proposed Playfair method uses a 5*5 keyword matrix for English and a 6*6 keyword matrix for Arabic to encrypt the alphabets of
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In this study, a fast block matching search algorithm based on blocks' descriptors and multilevel blocks filtering is introduced. The used descriptors are the mean and a set of centralized low order moments. Hierarchal filtering and MAE similarity measure were adopted to nominate the best similar blocks lay within the pool of neighbor blocks. As next step to blocks nomination the similarity of the mean and moments is used to classify the nominated blocks and put them in one of three sub-pools, each one represents certain nomination priority level (i.e., most, less & least level). The main reason of the introducing nomination and classification steps is a significant reduction in the number of matching instances of the pixels belong to the c
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