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The efficacy of polyether‐ether‐ketone wire as a retainer following orthodontic treatment
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Abstract<sec><title>Objectives

To investigate the efficacy of polyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) wire as a fixed orthodontic retainer, by comparing its performance to other retainer wires and optimizing its adhesion to composite bonding materials.

Materials and methods

Retainer wires of 15 mm segments were used, PEEK wires were prepared in cylindrical form with 0.8 mm diameter, and had two surface treatments namely air‐abrasion and conditioning with adhesive system. Three different metallic retainer wires were used for comparison and three tests were performed; two tests measured debonding force and associated wire deflection from acrylic blocks and bovine teeth and one test for pull‐out force. To test debonding force, a vertically directed compressive force was applied to the retainer wires bonded to the acrylic blocks and bovine teeth, while for pull‐out test; a vertically directed tensile force detached the retainer wire.

Results

In both debonding tests, PEEK wires (regardless the surface treatment) had non‐significant difference when compared to each other, or to the other metallic wires, except the dead‐soft coaxial wire group. The dead‐soft coaxial wire group had significant difference when compared to other groups regarding both the force magnitude and maximum deflection, the only exception was the debonding force of the flat braided retainer wires bonded to bovine teeth. In pull‐out test PEEK wires conditioned with adhesive system and the air‐abraded recorded the second and third highest readings respectively.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, the 0.8 mm round PEEK wires have comparable performance—in terms of debonding and pull out forces—to conventional retainers when bonded with 4 mm composite bonding spots; using air‐abrasion for 10 s at 3.5 MPa provided sufficient adhesion of the composite to the wire, and conditioning with adhesive system may provide no further clinical benefit.

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 15 2022
Journal Name
Alustath Journal For Human And Social Sciences
The Intersectionality in I’ve Been Meaning To Tell You: A Letter to My Daughter: A Post-Colonial Perspective
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Intersectionality is a concept that focuses on social inequality towards black people and provides an analytical instruments for creating social justice issues in such a way in order to depict how social marginalization, or privilege occurs differently in various social positions. It does this by focusing on the interaction of multiple systems of oppression. Intersectionality is used to examines how the social factors; race, gender, and class can affect the people’s life especially the immigrants, black people, and refuges. This article will depicts how blacks in Canada are segregated and distinguished from white race. David Chariandy’s I’ve Been Meaning To Tell You: A Letter to My Daughter 2018 is analyzed through Kimberle Crenshaw

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of salary Domiciliation in the rate of return on assets (ROA): Applied research of a sample of Iraqi banks
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Abstract

The research attempted to find an explanation and solution to a problem related to the fluctuation and decrease In the rate of return on assets for the research sample banks during the duration of the research, The search started from the hypothesis that, The effect of salary Domiciliation on the banking profitability of a sample of Iraqi banks participating in the salary settlement system for the period (2016-2019),The research used the descriptive historical approach, the quantitative analytical approach and the statistical approach. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is The effect of salary Domiciliation on banking profitability was achieved in three banks

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Prepodavatel Xxi Vek
Enrichment of Vocabulary and the Formation of Grammatically Correct Speech of Foreign Students When Studying the Text of a Literary Work
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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Computation of the Relationships of X-ray to Radio Luminosities of a Sample of Starburst Galaxies
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      The goal of this research is to better understand the physical features of starburst galaxies. Radio and X-ray observations are good for exploring the stuff within the central regions of galaxies.  A galaxy that is undergoing a strong star formation, usually in its central area, is known as a starburst galaxy. This paper provides the results of a statistical analysis of a sample of starburst galaxies. The data used in this research have been collected from NASA Extragalactic Database (NED), and HYPERLEDA. Those data have been used to examine possible luminosity correlations of X-ray to a radio of a sample of starburst galaxies. In this research, statistical software, known as statistic-win-program, has been used to inves

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2025
Journal Name
Results In Materials
Adsorption, thermodynamic and corrosion study of enalapril malate pharmaceutical drug as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in saline solution
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Unused and expired pharmaceutical drugs are a novel type of organic corrosion inhibitor. They are less expensive, more effective, and less harmful than conventional organic corrosion inhibitors. This study investigated the effects of concentration, adsorption mechanism and thermodynamic parameters of enalapril malate (ENAP) as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in a saline solution (3.5 % NaCl). The polarization method was used to determine the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force spectroscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the surface morphology and topography of carbon steel after immersion in both uninhibited and inhibited media for 24 h. Fourier transform inf

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 29 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
STABL ISOTOPES AND HYDROCHEMICAL PARAMETER AS INDICATORS OF AL-RAZZAZA LAKE WATER INTERACTION WITH GROUNDWATER SURROUNDING / KARBALA GOVERNORATE- IRAQ.
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This research was aimed to study the exposure of Razzazah Lake  to major hydrological changes in recent years as a result of natural climatic changes  and  drought, high evaporation in lake due to stop discharge from Habbaniyah Lake  by Al- majera channel. During 2019, we collected surface water samples at three locations, and three samples from groundwater, in addition one samples from each location Imam Ali Drop and Sewage water  of Karbala. The Results  show that the heavy isotopes in lake and groundwater well are enriched during the warm period, and depleted during the cold period. Chemically, The dominant cations and anions in Al-Razzaza lake water are mainly of in Order  Ca > Na > Mg and  Cl>SO4 and the water

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Preparation and characterization of biomass-alumina composite as adsorbent for safranine-o dye from aqueous solution at different temperatures
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 05 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Cytotoxic Activities, Determining Toxin, and Molecular Docking of Ovary Pufferfish (Tetraodon leiurus) in Singkarak Lake as Cancer Chemoprevention Candidate
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The primary toxin class discovered in freshwater pufferfish is a category of neurotoxins called PSTs (Paralytic shellfish toxins) and pufferfish toxin has been observed to have biological, biochemical, and cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the cytotoxic activity, toxins present in the ovary of T. leiurus, and interaction between ligand (toxin compound) and receptors test. This study used the MTT method in the T47D cell lines, liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and analysis of the molecular interaction using molecular docking. The ovary of T. leiurus had cytotoxicity on the T47D cell, having an IC50 value of 229.535 μg/ml, and generated a chroma

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 04 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Applied Physics
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Hybrid Plastic/Wood Composites as Echo-friendly Structural and Decorative Materials
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This study focuses on producing wood-plastic composites using unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with Pistacia vera shell particles and wood industry waste powder. Composites with reinforcement ratios of 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were prepared and tested for thermal conductivity, impact strength, hardness, and compressive strength. The results revealed that thermal conductivity increases with reinforcement, while maintaining good thermal insulation, reaching a peak value of 0.633453 W/m·K. Hardness decreased with increased reinforcement, reaching a minimum nominal hardness value of 0.9479. Meanwhile, impact strength and compressive strength improved, with peak values of 14.103 k/m² and 57.3864568 MPa, respectively. The main aim is to manu

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of Turkish Delight Prepared With Pigments And Essential Oils Extracted From Clementine (Citrus Clementine) Peels As Natural Antioxidants
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This experiment presented essential oils by GC/MS, pigment content, and their antioxidant activities as well as sensory evaluation of delight samples. Limonene (66.88%) was the most prevalent yield. The peels of clementine had DPPH and ABT Scavenging activity. All levels of pigment extract had better scores for all sensory values and recorded acceptable scores in terms of appearance, color, aroma, and overall acceptability compared to control delight. Besides, delight samples containing 15 mg astaxanthin pigment extract showed maximum sensory scores compared to other samples and control delight. On the other hand, the product was less acceptable to the panelists compared to control in the case of the addition of 3.75 mg astaxanthin pigme

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