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Agricultural Irrigation Pricing: Review of Theories and Practices
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Abstract<p>Water pricing and substitution of the costs of irrigation investment operation and maintenance have been controversial issues for a long time. The small charges for irrigation water are addressed, and additionally, the low level of farmers who pay the costs. In a few schemes, expense accumulation rates are close to zero, notwithstanding when water charges are well beneath the cost of operation and maintenance. Water prices are charged to farmers for two essential objectives. The first is to cover the operation and maintenance estimation with the goal that the investment is fiscally practical. Much of the time, costs will likewise need to incorporate a price for the cost of capital required to develop the scheme. This charge for capital is fundamental for future irrigation system investment. The second reason involves estimation to help farmers utilize less water per unit of yield or to deliver more prominent net economic returns per unit of water, or both.</p><p>This paper summarizes irrigation water pricing methodologies and the related academic literature. Three water pricing methods are presented: volumetric, non‐volumetric and water market. For each methodology, potential impacts on water usage are postulated and supported by a summary of the academic literature. In addition, a summarized case study of irrigation water‐pricing practices and effects in Iraq is presented. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p>
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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2019
Journal Name
J. Pharm. Sci. & Res.
Methods of Synthesis Phthalimide Derivatives and Biological Activity-Review
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Phthalimide formation of Phthalic anhydride with various amines using microwave or without a method with the difference of the catalyst used in a prepared Phthalimide, either structure general are C6H4CONRCO and used as starting materials in synthesis several compounds derivative phthalimides are an important compounds because spectrum wide biological activities including Antimicrobial activity, anticonvulsant activity, Anti-inflammatory activity,Analgesic activity, Anti- influenza activity and Thromboxane inhibitory activity

Publication Date
Wed Nov 24 2021
Journal Name
2021 Ieee Asia Pacific Conference On Postgraduate Research In Microelectronics And Electronics (primeasia)
Review of 3D Networks-On-Chip Simulators and Plugins
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A comprehensive review focuses on 3D network-on-chip (NoC) simulators and plugins while paying attention to the 2D simulators as the baseline is presented. Discussions include the programming languages, installation configuration, platforms and operating systems for the respective simulators. In addition, the simulator’s properties and plugins for design metrics evaluations are addressed. This review is intended for the early career researchers starting in 3D NoC, offering selection guidelines on the right tools for the targeted NoC architecture, design, and requirements.

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 20 2021
Journal Name
European Journal Of Molecular & Clinical Medicine
Comparative study of obesity between men and women: Review
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Obesity is disorder in a foremost nutritional health it’s developed with countries developing. Also is known as increasingin fat accumulation that lead toproblem in health, besidesmay coin one of the reasons lead toloss of life,the obesity not effect on adults just but effect onoffspringand juveniles. In some ofinhabitants the incidence of obesity is superior in female than in male; on the other hand, the variation degree of the between the genderdifferby country.Obesity is generally measured by body mass index and waist circumference, Obesity are classified according to body mass index into:Pre obesity sort 1 : (25 - 29.9) kg/m2, Obesity sort 2 : (30 - 34.9 kg/m2) and extreme obesity sort 3: (40 kg/m2) or greater. Obesity is described by

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Publication Date
Wed May 13 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Plant Nutrition
Seed priming of sorghum cultivars by gibberellic and salicylic acids to improve seedling growth under irrigation with saline water
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An experiment was conducted in pots under field conditions during fall seasons of 2017 and 2018. This study aimed to improve a weak growth of seedlings under salt stress in sorghum. Three factors were studied. 1st factor was three cultivars (Inqath, Rabeh, and Buhoth70). 2nd factor was seed priming (primed and unprimed seed). Seed were primed by soaking for 12 hours in a solution containing 300 + 70 mg L−1 of gibberellic (GA3) and salicylic (SA) acids, respectively. 3rd factor was irrigation with saline water (6, 9 and 12 dS m−1) resulting from dissolving sodium chloride in distilled water in addition to control treatment (distilled water). Randomized complete block design was used with four replications. In both seasons: the re

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 22 2014
Journal Name
International Journal Of Advanced Research
Effect of tillage system and deficit irrigation on consumptive use, some soil physical properties, growth and yield of potato Solanum tuberosum L.
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 30 2022
Journal Name
Voprosy Istorii
Changing the agricultural map of Diyala Governorate for the years (1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020) using GIS and remote sensing
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Abstract. Geographical and remote sensing, which gave a picture of the change in the area of agricultural land in the study area for selected years (1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020). In particular and Iraq in general, as this led to a reduction in the areas of agricultural lands and in return an increase in arid lands and their desertifica- tion and the loss of their productive value, which as a result leads to the migration of the population, the change of land sex, the failure to achieve food security and dependence on the import of the food basket.

Publication Date
Tue Dec 06 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices concerning Physiotherapy Protocol at Intensive Care Units in AL-Nasiriyah City
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Abstract:

Objective (s): This study aims to assess nurses' knowledge and practice regarding physiotherapy protocol at intensive care units

Methodology: descriptive cross-sectional study design executed at the ICU in the city hospitals of AL- for the time of 13th October/ 2021 to 7th April /2022. Questionnaire filled by 75 nurses who work in ICU who had chosen by non-probability (purposive) selection collected the data. Then the researcher used an observational checklist to evaluate nurses’ practice. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS.

Results: the study found a deficit in nurses’ knowledge and pra

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
A Vision to Develop the Effectiveness of the Dissemination of Innovations to Rationalize the Use of Irrigation Water in Iraqi Agriculture
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Abstract<p>Iraqi agriculture faces a major water problem, affecting cultivated areas, agricultural production, farmers’ incomes and food security. However, the results achieved in rationalizing the use of irrigation water are still limited and do not match what they should be in order to meet this serious challenge. The study aimed to provide a vision for the development of the effectiveness of the dissemination of innovations to rationalize the use of irrigation water in Iraqi agriculture. In light of the framework of the dissemination of agricultural innovations, factors related to their effectiveness, and the summary of the Iraqi experience in the field of dissemination of modern irrigation</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Sep 03 2020
Journal Name
Dissertation
An Economic And Environmental Analysis of the most Factors Affecting of Sustainable Agricultural Development In Iraq Through The Period 2000 -2017
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 14 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Social Graphic Design and its Reflections on The Practices of The Saudi Designer in Designing Awareness Posters
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The concept of social graphic design is one of the most critical areas that highlight the designer's knowledge of social responsibility by employing design skills in community awareness. This study focused on defining social graphic design, the meaning, practices, and strategies for designing awareness posters. This study reviewed two examples of awareness posters that reflect the Saudi designer's practices. The results summarized that social graphic design is a concept not taught directly but gained from permanent practice in designing awareness posters that interact with community issues. The designer's understanding of his social events and their sensing in the visual form of a poster reflects the designer's social awareness. Social g

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