في حضارة بلاد ما بين النهرين، صاغ الإنسان رؤيته للعالم من خلال سعيه الدؤوب لفهم قوى الطبيعة وتنظيم علاقته بالعالم المحيط مثلت الرموز والأساطير أدوات معرفية لتفسير الوجود وإضفاء المعنى عليه. وفي هذا السياق، برزت ثنائية النور والظلام كأحد أهم الثنائيات الرمزية، مساهمة في بناء الفهم الكوني والفكري والديني لشعوب بلاد ما بين النهرين. لم يقتصر وجودها على المستوى الحمي المرتبط بدورة الليل والنهار، بل امتد ليشمل أبعادًا ميتافيزيقية وأخلاقية واجتماعية وسياسية. في الفكر الميزوبوتامي، ارتبط النور بمفاهيم الخلق والبدايات والنظام الكوني. واعتبر مظهرا من مظاهر الحياة والمعرفة والحضور الإلهي، ووسيلة للسيطرة على الفوضى وإرساء العدل والنظام. في المقابل، ارتبط الظلام بالغياب والزوال والموت والعالم السفلي. مع ذلك، لم يُصوّر النور كقوة شر مطلقة، بل كعنصر كوني فاعل، جزء لا يتجزأ من بنية الوجود، يؤدي دورًا مكملاً في دورة الحياة والموت، وفي استمرار النظام الكوني نفسه. لذا، فإن العلاقة بين النور والظلام في حضارة بلاد ما بين النهرين تقوم على مبدأ التوازن والتكامل أكثر من التضاد الحاد. في هذا البحث، سنتناول الجزء الأول منه، وهو النور، علمًا بأن هذا البحث هو نواة مشروع كتاب قيد الإعداد، يتناول النور والظلام في حضارة بلاد ما بين النهرين، معتمدا بشكل أساسي على ما ورد في النصوص المسمارية حول هذا الموضوع، ونأمل أن نتمه بإذن الله.
The process of granting loans by banks is the confidence they give to their customers, but this trust should not be a cornerstone in granting loans even if granted these loans on the basis of sound banking should involve risks that may be exposed to the bank because of the failure of the client to meet The bank's financial obligations to the bank due to the unexpected economic conditions affecting the customers, which makes them in a state of faltering, which weaken the ability of banks to provide loans, which are the most important sources of revenue and profits, so the problem of non-performing loans is one of the main problems facing most of the banks Which impede the functioning of its work and the reasons that led to the agg
... Show MoreLand beyond the river has the attention of historians, especially travelers and geographers of its various regions under the Islamic Arab state. They antedate the social and economic aspects, including agriculture, industry and trade in their products and goods to other countries and urbanism, which we will address in our research
One of the bases of civilization is architecture; the philosophy of applying architecture on the ground is considered the base of it's growth
Assyrian merchants established in the second millennium BC Assyrian commercial settlements in Anatolia, and these settlements had a great cultural value
Assyrian merchants established in the second millennium BC Assyrian commercial settlements in Anatolia, and these settlements had a great cultural value
Provisions and controls on the disposal of public funds between Sharia and law
Research Summary
That money is the foundation of life and one of the most important reasons for the reconstruction of the land, and God is the owner
The real value of this money, God has borrowed some individuals on public money, and people
They are charged with preserving it, since it is beneficial to them all, without anyone taking it
To himself, and the guardian is charged by God to protect this money and aggression
Because of its power, authority, various organs and public servants of the province
Upon him; Because the assault on public money by employees and others in the organs of the state
And exploitation of their jobs and this
Cooking was of great importance in the Islamic Arabic culture and the
people of Morocco have shown great interest in this aspect and also in the
variety in the making of food. They used all kinds of meat of and have shown
interest in preserving and distributing it .The people of Morocco used the
additives in their cooking such as salt, saffron and many other kinds to add
special flavor and taste and their cooking a distinctive flavor.
Sweet and pastry, in addition to the drinks, represented another aspect of the
Moroccan kitchen. At that time women were brought as slaves from Sudan
and as a result they brought their experience in the making of sweets and
pastry with them to Morocco, they used sugar, fat, wheat
The follower to study the markets in the Islamic Mashreq (Iraq, Persia and the country of Ma
Behind the river for the period from the reign of the Prophet Muhammad until the end of the Islamic era) to find that there
A remarkable development in the pattern, shape, planning and privatization of markets
Islamic cities and places are the main conditions for their existence, which is the mosque of the mosque
And markets, and these markets have evolved from being a space in which there are no building and no ceilings to shade them in
The places of sale and purchase to specialized markets classified according to the materials and goods produced in them
This would facilitate the task of supervising it by the market factor and
Showing animal shapes is one of the primary topics since the discovery of cave drawings, with semantic discourses, as they appeared in the ancient civilization of Iraq, with their discourse and intellectual structure, and their reflections on their plastic achievements. The research deals with three topics: the first (an introduction to the concept of discourse), the second: (the historical roots of animal forms), and the third (the manifestation of animal forms and their discourse, in Mesopotamia). Mesopotamian fauna and its concepts? What are the?, Its importance was also represented in: the presence of animals and their semantic and conceptual discourse, especially the sculptures (the lion and the bull), with the aim of revealing the
... Show MoreThe process of doing many kinds of industries , crafts , professions around Islamic Arabian State , they enable us to say that Arab Muslims over their homelands had been occupied various types of crafts and manufacturing before emergence Islam . Moreover Islam encouraged to work within manufacture field . And These matters were clarified through verses of the Holy Qur’an and honored prophetic guidance ( Sunna ) . Whereas Arab Muslims applied principle “ Free of Business “ . They admitted to different social groups such as pact – fellows people to profession or craft which they desire to work . We have to not forget that Arab Muslims had broken all restraints and shackles which had restricted the worker bef
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