<span>Digital audio is required to transmit large sizes of audio information through the most common communication systems; in turn this leads to more challenges in both storage and archieving. In this paper, an efficient audio compressive scheme is proposed, it depends on combined transform coding scheme; it is consist of i) bi-orthogonal (tab 9/7) wavelet transform to decompose the audio signal into low &amp; multi high sub-bands, ii) then the produced sub-bands passed through DCT to de-correlate the signal, iii) the product of the combined transform stage is passed through progressive hierarchical quantization, then traditional run-length encoding (RLE), iv) and finally LZW coding to generate the output mate bitstream.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a recent technology paradigm that creates a global network of machines and devices that are capable of communicating with each other. Security cameras, sensors, vehicles, buildings, and software are examples of devices that can exchange data between each other. IoT is recognized as one of the most important areas of future technologies and is gaining vast recognition in a wide range of applications and fields related to smart homes and cities, military, education, hospitals, homeland security systems, transportation and autonomous connected cars, agriculture, intelligent shopping systems, and other modern technologies. This book explores the most important IoT automated and smart applications to help the reader u

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is probably the most typical II-VI
semiconductor, which exhibits a wide range of nanostructures. In
this paper, polycrystalline ZnO thin films were prepared by chemical
spray pyrolysis technique, the films were deposited onto glass
substrate at 400 °C by using aqueous zinc chloride as a spray
solution of molar concentration of 0.1 M/L.
The crystallographic structure of the prepared film was analyzed
using X-ray diffraction; the result shows that the film was
polycrystalline, the grain size which was calculated at (002) was
27.9 nm. The Hall measurement of the film studied from the
electrical measurements show that the film was n-type. The optical
properties of the film were studied using

The Internet makes the world like a small village. It has the ability to make groups of the same ideas, thoughts, and identity close to each other by gathering them in one place. It is a way to communicate and share information and opinion; shaping and sharing of comprising individuals with common interests and the participation of individuals in a fruitful dialogue results in achieving a set of goals promote ideas and mobilizing people about issues and events of common interests.

To address the relationship of the internet via interactive communication and its ability to achieve social capital and discuss issues and various social events, the study sees that the problem of the study could be formulated as follows:

Consid

The availability of different processing levels for satellite images makes it important to measure their suitability for classification tasks. This study investigates the impact of the Landsat data processing level on the accuracy of land cover classification using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The classification accuracy values of Landsat 8 (LS8) and Landsat 9 (LS9) data at different processing levels vary notably. For LS9, Collection 2 Level 2 (C2L2) achieved the highest accuracy of (86.55%) with the polynomial kernel of the SVM classifier, surpassing the Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) at (85.31%) and Collection 2 Level 1 (C2L1) at (84.93%). The LS8 data exhibits similar behavior. Conv

Research is a study conducted by a researcher or a group of researchers to uncover ambiguity, complete a knowledge, or define a relationship, Solve a problem, or answer a question by carefully investigating the comprehensive and in-depth examination of the evidence and evidence related to this knowledge, revealing a relationship, or solving a problem, or answering a question, to be a systematic, In evidence and evidence that reveal facts and general rules, relationships or solutions, in addition to providing knowledge Human rights are verifiable, tested and confirmed. The university research (graduate research, master's thesis, doctoral dissertation) is the most important type of research, and it is supposed to be the best one, since it

In this paper, the effect of sulfur substitution by arsenic on the structural, optical properties of thin films of the trivalent chalcogenide Se66S44-xAsx at different concentrations (where x = 0, 8, 16, and 24 at %) was studied. Thin films with a thickness of (300±10 nm) were prepared using thermal evaporation of bulk samples. Structural examinations were performed using XRD and AFM techniques. All the studied film samples were amorphous in structure and the intensity of the crystalline parts was high in the range of 10-40. Also, in Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). It was found that increasing the concentration of arsenic affects the structural parameters such as surface roughness, particle density, and average grain size. As the ar

Variation order plays an important role in calculating the final cost and time. The paper aims to determine the causes of variation orders in projects performed between 2007-2014 in Erbil governorate projects. Data was collected from contract documents. Performed in the Erbil governorate projects from 2007-2014. The study seeks to identify the most significant causes of delays by assessing the common causes of delays in terms of frequency, severity and 

important indices of owners, consultants and contractors related to&n