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Resistance of bonded premolars to four artificial ageing models post enamel conditioning with a novel calcium-phosphate paste
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Background This in vitro study compares a novel calcium-phosphate etchant paste to conventional 37% phosphoric acid gel for bonding metal and ceramic brackets by evaluating the shear bond strength, remnant adhesive and enamel damage following water storage, acid challenge and fatigue loading. Material and Methods Metal and ceramic brackets were bonded to 240 extracted human premolars using two enamel conditioning protocols: conventional 37% phosphoric acid (PA) gel (control), and an acidic calcium-phosphate (CaP) paste. The CaP paste was prepared from β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate powders mixed with 37% phosphoric acid solution, and the resulting phase was confirmed using FTIR. The bonded premolars were exposed to four artificial ageing models to examine the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI score), with stereomicroscopic evaluation of enamel damage. Results Metal and ceramic control subgroups yielded significantly higher (p < 0.05) SBS (17.1-31.8 MPa) than the CaP subgroups (11.4-23.8 MPa) post all artificial ageing protocols, coupled with higher ARI scores and evidence of enamel damage. In contrast, the CaP subgroups survived all artificial ageing tests by maintaining adequate SBS for clinical performance, with the advantages of leaving unblemished enamel surface and bracket failures at the enamel-adhesive interface. Conclusions Enamel conditioning with acidic CaP pastes attained adequate bond strengths with no or minimal adhesive residue and enamel damage, suggesting a suitable alternative to the conventional PA gel for orthodontic bonding.

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 12 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Prepare rules spatial data for soils and the Calculation of an Area in Iraq for Industrial Purposes using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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      The process of soil classification in Iraq for industrial purposes is important topics that need to be extensive and specialized studies. In order for the advancement of reality service and industrial in our dear country, that a lot of scientific research touched upon the soil classification in the agricultural, commercial and other fields. No source and research can be found that touched upon the classification of land for industrial purposes directly. In this research specialized programs have been used such as geographic information system software The geographical information system permits the study of local distribution of phenomena, activities and the aims that can be determined in the loca

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 02 2022
Journal Name
Resmilitaris
Analysis of the relationship between the internal public debt and the public budget deficit in Iraq for the period from 2010-2020
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The study aimed to analyze the relationship between the internal public debt and the public budget deficit in Iraq during the period 2010–2020 using descriptive and analytical approaches to the data of the financial phenomenon. Furthermore, to track the development of public debt and the percentage of its contribution to the public budget of Iraq during the study period. The study showed that the origin of the debt with its benefits consumes a large proportion of oil revenues through what is deducted from these revenues to pay the principal debt with interest, which hinders the development process in the country. It has been shownthat although there was a surplus in some years of study, it was not

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 30 2022
Journal Name
Egyptian Journal Of Hospital Medicine
Antibiofilm Activity of Conocarpus erectus Leaves Extract and Assessment Its Effect on pelA and algD Genes on Multi-drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Due to its various resistance mechanisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prevalent opportunistic infection that kills hospitalized patients. Thus, therapeutic options become limited. Objective: The study aimed to estimate the antibiofilm effectiveness of Conocarpus erectus leaf extracts against MDR P. aeruginosa isolates and examines pelA and algD gene expression. Subjects and Methods: One hundred-fifty clinical samples were collected from five Baghdad hospitals between September 2021 and January 2022. Samples were grown on different mediums. Despite cetrimide agar's ability to detect P. aeruginosa, only 83 isolates developed at 42°C. VITEK 2 compact system identification followed. This study examined 83 of P. aeruginosa isolates for r

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Physical Chemistry Research
Thermophysical Study of Ethylene Glycol + H<inf>2</inf>O and Ethylene Glycol + (DMF/H<inf>2</inf>O) at 298.15 K
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n this research, some thermophysical properties of ethylene glycol with water (H2O) and two solvent mixtures dimethylformamide/ water (DMF + H2O) were studied. The densities (ρ) and viscosities (η) of ethylene glycol in water and a mixed solvent dimethylformamide (DMF + H2O) were determined at 298.15 K, t and a range of concentrations from 0.1 to1.0 molar. The ρ and η values were subsequently used to calculate the thermodynamics of mixing including the apparent molar volume (ϕv), partial molar volume (ϕvo) at infinite dilution. The solute-solute interaction is presented by Sv results from the equation ∅_v=ϕ_v^o+S_v √m. The values of viscosity (B) coefficients and Falkenhagen coefficient(A) of the Jone-Dole equation and Gibbs free

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 15 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Energy Research
Mixed-ligand complexes of ampicillin derived Schiffbase ligand and Nicotinamide: Synthesis, physico-chemical studies, DFT calculation, antibacterial study and molecular docking analysis
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A novel series of mixed-ligand complexes of the type, [ML 1 (L 2 ) 3 ]Cl x [M = Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II),Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II), n = 2, 3], was synthesized using Schiffbase (HL 1 ) as main ligand, nicotinamide (L 2 ) as secondary ligand, and the corresponding metal ions in 1:3:1 molar ratio. The main ligand, HL 1 was prepared by the interaction of ampicillin drug and 4-chlorobenzophenone. The synthesized mixed ligand complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and TG/DTG studies. In the mixed-ligand complexes, the Schiffbase ligand, HL 1 showed coordination to the central metal ion in tridentate manner via azomethine nitrogen, β-lactam ring oxygen and deprotonated carboxylic oxy- gen atom

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education
The effect of cognitive trips via the Internet (web quest) accompanying practical lessons in learning some basic handball skills for female students
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The effect of cognitive trips via the Internet (web quest) accompanying practical lessons in learning some basic handball skills for female students

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 06 1996
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis of new Schiff bases derived from [3-amino-3-C-cyano-3-deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-allofuranose
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Aromatic Schiff-bases are known to have antibacterial activity, but most of these compounds are sparingly soluble in water. The present work describes the synthesis of new Schiff-bases derived from branched aminosugars. Treatment of 3-Amino-3-Cyano-3-Deoxy-1,2:5,6-Di-O-Isopropylene-α-D-Allofuranose (1) with the aldehydes (2) under reflux in methanol afforded the Schiff-bases (3) in good yields. The new Schiff-bases were in accord with their NMR, IR spectral data and elemental analysis.

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 12 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of government investment spending on tax revenue in Iraq from( 2008 – 2020) : Applied research in The General Authority for Taxes.
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The expenditures of the general budget, in its operational and investment divisions, are a basic factor in the economic and social growth of any country, and its impact on various economic activities such as income, employees , and the standard of living of members of society. This was based on a basic premise: Does increasing or decreasing investment expenditures have an effect on increasing or decreasing the tax proceeds, What is the level of relationship between them? and to achieve the goal of the research, an inductive and analytical method was chosen to measure the impact of the investment budget expenditures on the tax outcome quantitatively using the financial data obtained from The General Authority for Taxes, Ministry of Financ

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 02 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Genetic And Environmental Resources Conservation
Comparative histomorphological study on the kidney of two Iraqi birds (Barnowl, Tyto alba (Scopoli,1769) and black Iraqi partridge, Francolinusfrancolinus (Linnaeus, 1766)
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Publication Date
Tue Jul 08 2014
Journal Name
African Journal Of Traditional, Complementary And Alternative Medicines
Hepatoprotective Effect Of &lt;i&gt;Cymbopogon Citratus&lt;/i&gt; Aqueous Extract Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Liver Injury In Male Rats
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