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Improving Surface Properties of PEEK for Dental Applications by Using Piranha Solution
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Background. “Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)” is a biocompatible, high-strength polymer that is well-suited for use in dental applications due to its unique properties. However, achieving good adhesion between PEEK and hydrophilic materials such as dental adhesives or cement can be challenging. Also, this hydrophobicity may affect the use of PEEK as an implant material. Surface treatment or conditioning is often necessary to improve surface properties. The piranha solution is the treatment of choice to be explored for this purpose. Methods. PEEK disks of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were used in this study. Those samples were divided into five groups (each group has five samples). The first is the control group, in which no acid treatment was used; the second group undergoes sulfuric acid treatment. The remaining three groups were treated with Piranha solution; each group used a different concentration (1 : 3, 1 : 5, and 1 : 7 hydrogen peroxide to sulfuric acid, respectively). The period of treatment was 60 s for all groups. Wettability and surface roughness tests were done for the five groups. In statistical analysis, Shapiro–Wilk test was used to check the assumption of normality and to determine the statistical significance among groups; a one-way analysis of variance was employed. Subsequently, for multiple comparisons, Tukey’s honestly significant difference post hoc test was performed. Results. The Piranha solution treatment groups showed a higher wettability compared to the control group and the group treated with sulfuric acid. Additionally, the Piranha solution treatment with a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide (1 : 3) resulted in greater improvement in surface roughness compared to the control group and the lower concentration groups (1 : 5 and 1 : 7), while the sulfuric acid treated group showed the highest surface roughness. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that the piranha solution can be an effective method for improving the surface characteristics of PEEK to be used in different dental applications, especially as a dental implant material, due to the increase in wettability and surface roughness.

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 27 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Applications of social networking sites: Research Tools
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Media and communication's research are varied in accordance to research approaches' variety which seeks to reach convergent social, psychological, political, economic, and technical point of views. Its main aim is to assimilate all the new variables in the communicative method, especially, social media sites research; concerning their methodology, tools and theories. It is due to their diverse - developed applications and their increased rates of public use becoming irreplaceable in our daily life. It is well reflected by their consequent impact on the the public beside their role in changing its views.

This clarifies the notable increase of scientific research that concern them manifesting the dialectica

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Graphic Design
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If the Industrial Revolution has enabled the replacement of humans with machines, the digital revolution is moving towards replacing our brains with artificial intelligence, so it is necessary to consider how this radical transformation affects the graphic design ecosystem. Hence, the research problem emerged (what are the effects of artificial intelligence on graphic design) and the research aimed to know the capabilities and effects of artificial intelligence applications in graphic design, and the study dealt in its theoretical framework with two main axes, the first is the concept of artificial intelligence, and the second is artificial intelligence applications in graphic design. The descriptive approach adopted a method of content

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Study of Removing Methyl Orange Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Zizphus spina-christi Leaf Powder
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In this study, Zizphus spina-christi leaf powder was applied for the adsorption of methyl orange. The effect of different operating parameters on the Batch Process adsorption was investigated such as solution pH (2-12), effect of contact time (0-60 min.), initial dye concentration (2-20 mg/L), effect of adsorbent dosage (0-4.5 g) and effect of temperature (20-50ᵒC). The results show a maximum removal rate and adsorption capacity (%R= 23.146, qe = 2.778 mg/g) at pH = 2 and equilibrium was reached at 40 min. The pseudo- second-order kinetics were found to be best fit for the removal process (R2 = 0.997). Different isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubini-Radushkevich,Temkin)  were applied in this stud

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effective of Pressure and Sintering Temperature for Hardness Characteristics of Shape Memory Alloy by Using Taguchi Technique
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This paper presents the Taguchi approach for optimization of hardness for  shape memory alloy (Cu-Al-Ni) . The influence of  powder metallurgy parameters on hardness has been investigated. Taguchi technique and ANOVA were used for analysis. Nine experimental runs based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array were performed (OA),for two parameters was study (Pressure and sintering temperature) for three different levels (300 ,500 and 700) MPa ,(700 ,800 and  900)oC respectively . Main effect, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was study, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using  to investigate the micro-hardness characteristics of the shape memory alloy .after application the result of study shown the hei

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Learning for Scientific Culture by Using Interactive Whiteboard According to the Faculty of the University of Baghdad Viewpoint
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The progress of science in all its branches and levels made great civilized changes of
our societies in the present day, it's a result of the huge amount of knowledge, the increase of
number of students, and the increase of community awareness proportion of the importance of
education in schools and universities, it became necessary for us as educators to look at
science from another point of view based on the idea of scientific development of curricula
and teaching methods and means of education, and for the studying class environment as a
whole, by computer and internet use in education to the emergence of the term education
technology, which relies on the use of modern technology to provide educational content to<

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Publication Date
Fri May 01 2020
Journal Name
Applied Thermal Engineering
Thermal performance of a flat-plate solar collector using aqueous colloidal dispersions of graphene nanoplatelets with different specific surface areas
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The effects of using aqueous nanofluids containing covalently functionalized graphene nanoplatelets with triethanolamine (TEA-GNPs) as novel working fluids on the thermal performance of a flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) have been investigated. Water-based nanofluids with weight concentrations of 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075%, and 0.1% of TEA-GNPs with specific surface areas of 300, 500, and 750 m2/g were prepared. An experimental setup was designed and built and a simulation program using MATLAB was developed. Experimental tests were performed using inlet fluid temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 °C; flow rates of 0.6, 1.0, and 1.4 kg/min; and heat flux intensities of 600, 800, and 1000 W/m2. The FPSC’s efficiency increased as the flow rate and hea

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 30 2025
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The Effect of Using Competitive Challenge Games in Improving the Performance of Some Complex Offensive Skills at the Ages of (10–12) Years
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One of the contemporary trends in education and training is the use of educational, competitive and digital games, because one of the most important goals of games is (motivation and challenge). Thus, it ensures the expected reaction from the recipient’s interaction with the game, so we seek his interaction with the content he receives. It is no secret that games distance him from boring content and introduce him to the world of motivation by integrating them with magical elements that make an attractive and desirable game. Naturally, in the case of stimuli and motives that activate the recipient within the context of the educational process procedures, the return is high and especially enjoyable. The aim of the research is to pre

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2026
Journal Name
Natural Resources For Human Health
The Effect of Rehabilitation Exercises Using Cryotherapy on Pain Reduction and Improving Range of Motion in a Sample of Patients with Frozen Shoulder
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This research aims to develop rehabilitation exercises using cryotherapy for patients with frozen shoulder, Identify the effect of rehabilitation exercises combined with cryotherapy on pain relief and improved range of motion in the experimental group , and identify the effect of standard rehabilitation exercises on pain relief and improved range of motion in the control group, and identify the differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-tests for the variables of pain and range of motion. The researchers used an experimental design with two equivalent groups (experimental and control) using pre- and post-tests, as it was suitable for the nature of the research problem and its objectives, the research populat

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 31 2022
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
The Efficiency of Corn Solution as a Cytological Fixative in Buccal Smear : Corn Solution as Cytological Fixative
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Background: Corn Syrup is food syrup higher of carbohydrate, depending on grade. The study aimed to assess efficiency of Corn syrup as cytological fixative.

Subjects and methods: This was laboratory based study, it has been conducted at Elrazi University included   apparently 30 healthy students have been involved in this study.

Results: Out of 30 smears fixed with 95% alcohol, 76.7% (n=23) shows excellent nuclear stain, 23.3% (n= 7)   shows good nuclear stain. 70% (n=21) show excellent cytoplasmic stain, 26.7% (n=8) shows good cytoplasmic stain, 3.3% (n=1) shows poor cytoplasmuc stain.

   Out of 30 smears fixed with corn solution, 60

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 25 2019
Journal Name
Oriental Journal Of Chemistry
Viscosity and Density Studies of Drugs in Aqueous Solution and in Aqueous Threonine Solution at 298.15 K
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