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Improving Surface Properties of PEEK for Dental Applications by Using Piranha Solution
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Background. “Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)” is a biocompatible, high-strength polymer that is well-suited for use in dental applications due to its unique properties. However, achieving good adhesion between PEEK and hydrophilic materials such as dental adhesives or cement can be challenging. Also, this hydrophobicity may affect the use of PEEK as an implant material. Surface treatment or conditioning is often necessary to improve surface properties. The piranha solution is the treatment of choice to be explored for this purpose. Methods. PEEK disks of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were used in this study. Those samples were divided into five groups (each group has five samples). The first is the control group, in which no acid treatment was used; the second group undergoes sulfuric acid treatment. The remaining three groups were treated with Piranha solution; each group used a different concentration (1 : 3, 1 : 5, and 1 : 7 hydrogen peroxide to sulfuric acid, respectively). The period of treatment was 60 s for all groups. Wettability and surface roughness tests were done for the five groups. In statistical analysis, Shapiro–Wilk test was used to check the assumption of normality and to determine the statistical significance among groups; a one-way analysis of variance was employed. Subsequently, for multiple comparisons, Tukey’s honestly significant difference post hoc test was performed. Results. The Piranha solution treatment groups showed a higher wettability compared to the control group and the group treated with sulfuric acid. Additionally, the Piranha solution treatment with a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide (1 : 3) resulted in greater improvement in surface roughness compared to the control group and the lower concentration groups (1 : 5 and 1 : 7), while the sulfuric acid treated group showed the highest surface roughness. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that the piranha solution can be an effective method for improving the surface characteristics of PEEK to be used in different dental applications, especially as a dental implant material, due to the increase in wettability and surface roughness.

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 31 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Stratigraphic Analysis and Depositional Environment of the Newly Recorded Umm Er Rhadhuma Formation (Paleocene) from the Borehole K.H12/7, South Anah City, Western Iraq
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The Paleocene benthic foraminiferal zonation of the Umm Er Rhadhuma Formation from the borehole (K.H 12/7), South Anah City (Western Iraq), has been re-studied and re-analyzed precisely based on the large benthic foraminifera (LBF). They are represented by two biozone Rotorbinella hensoni Partial Range Zone, recorded from the Lower and middle parts of the Umm Er Rhadhuma Formation and Lockhartia praehaimei Partial Range Zone determined Uppermost of this unit, and dated to be the Selandian – Thanetian stage. Almost all the biogenic (micro and macro) and non-biogenic constituents, including large benthic foraminifera, Algae, Echinoderm, Bryozoans, Oyster, Gastropod fragments, and peloids, in addition to lithofacies types, indicate t

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2012
Journal Name
Natural Science
Determination of threshold random gain medium in dye: Polymer films containing TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles
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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The relationship between organizational justice and empowerment and their impact on achieving organizational commitment (field study in the Department of Labor and Vocational Training)
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The research has deal with the relationship between organizational justice and empowerment and their impact on the achievement of organizational commitment in the office of Labour and Vocational Training. To study the research problem which is represented a sense that employees with low levels of organizational justice and empowerment and the reflection on the organizational commitment of the employees, so that Has been collecting data and information relating to research by designing a questionnaire, were distributed to a sample of (50) people in the office mentioned, and the results of the study to confirm the research hypotheses. and the key results of the research was the presence of correlation relationships and the effect o

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2009
Journal Name
Engineering And Technology Journal
Synthesis and study of the Novel tetradented ligand type N2O2 and its complexes with (Mn (II) ,Co (II) ,Ni (II) and Cu(II)) ions
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A new Schiff base ligand Bis-1,4-di[N-3-(2-hydroxy-1-amino)- acetophenonylidene] benzylidene [L] and its complexes with (Mn(II) ,Co(II) ,Ni(II and Cu(II)) were synthesized . The ligand was prepared in two steps. In the first step a solution of (terphthalaldehyde) in methanol reacts under reflux with (p-aminoacetophenone) to give an intermediate compound [1-[3-({4-[(3-Acetyl-phenylimino)-methyl]-benzylidene}-amino)-phenyl]- ethanone which reacts in the second step with (2-Amino-phenol) giving the mentioned ligand. The complexes were synthesized by addition the corresponding metal salt solution to the solution of the ligand in methanol under reflux in (1:1) metal to ligand ratio. On the basis of, molar conductance, I.R., UV-Vis, HPLC, chlorid

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Publication Date
Sun May 22 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education
The impact of an instructional-learning design based on the brain- compatible model in systemic thinking among first intermediate grade female students in Mathematics
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The research aimed to identify “The impact of an instructional-learning design based on the brain- compatible model in systemic thinking among first intermediate grade female students in Mathematics”, in the day schools of the second Karkh Educational directorate.In order to achieve the research objective, the following null hypothesis was formulated:There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) among the average scores of the experimental group students who will be taught by applying an (instructional- learning) design based to on the brain–compatible model and the average scores of the control group students who will be taught through the traditional method in the systemic thinking test.The resear

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 06 2013
Journal Name
Advances In Physics Theories And Applications
Adsorption study of Symmetrical schiff base ligand 4,4 -[hydrazine -1,2- diylidenebis ( methan-1-yl-1-ylidene) bis ( 2-methoxyphenol)] on Granulated Initiated calcined Iraqi …
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Publication Date
Mon Sep 20 2021
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Positive images in the Holy Quran The story of Solomon - peace be upon him - in Surat An-Naml is a model An objective study
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God Almighty put in his great book secrets that do not end, and wonders that do not expire, for he is the one from which the scholars are not satisfied, and he does not create due to the multitude of response, and it is the comprehensive and inhibitory book that God conceals to the worlds, and he challenged the two heavyweights to come up with something like it.

At all times, issues arise in the Noble Qur’an that fit the needs of the people of that time and their culture, for it is an eternal book, characterized by the ability to give, extend and respond to addressing the problems of the age and its variables, when the Arabs had little luck at the time of the message’s descent from the scientific culture, and their proficienc

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of aqueous extracts and isolation proteinous compound from clove buds on serumglucose, triglyceride , glutathione and malnodialdehyde levels in alloxan induced diabetic mice
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This study was included preparing acold aqueous extract of clove buds The study also comprised the isolation and studying the proteinous compound,which was seperated using gel filtration technique and determined approximately molecular weight of this isolated compound(6799) dalton . The aim of the study demonstrate effects of the crude aqueous, non proteinous extract, proteinous precipitate and proteinous compound on serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, also glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in liver and kidney tissues in diabetic mice-induced alloxan.Extracts were administerated interaperitioneally. The results were indicated that the crude aqueous, non proteinous extr

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Publication Date
Sun May 22 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education
A training program based on integrating futuristic thinking skills with classroom interaction patterns and its effect on the academic self- efficacy of mathematics teachers
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The research aims to identify the effect of the training program that is based on integrating futuristic thinking skills with classroom interaction patterns on mathematics teachers in order to provide their students with creative solution skills. The research sample consisted of 31teachers (15 teachers for the experimental group and 16 for the control groups). The researcher developed a measure for the academic self-efficacy consisting of (39) items. Its validity, reliability, coefficient of difficulty and discriminatory power were estimated. To analyze the findings, the researcher adopted the Mann-Whitney (U) test and the effect size, and the findings were as follows: There is a statistically significant difference at the significance leve

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Geology, Pb and S Isotope Geochemistry, and Genesis of the Na Bop-Pu Sap Lead-Zinc Deposit in the Cho Don area, Northeastern Vietnam
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The Na Bop-Pu Sap Pb-Zn ore bodies represent a typical vein-type lead-zinc deposit situated in the Cho Don area and are currently being extracted for their lead and zinc resources. This deposit is characterized by its significant scale and quality and is considered one of the prominent lead-zinc deposits in the Cho Don area. Despite its significance, this deposit has not received adequate attention, resulting in limited knowledge of its geology, mineralization, and deposit genesis model. To address this knowledge gap, our study utilized several methodologies, including field surveying, ore mineral analysis under a microscope, and S and Pb isotopic geochemistry. By employing these approaches, we were able to obtain specific insights

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