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Treatment options of Adolescent Gestational Diabetes: Effect on Outcome
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Objectives: Teenage pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) offers a real challenge to the health system and needs a special care. We aimed to evaluate possible obstetrical and neonatal adverse events of different treatment protocols in adolescent GDM including lifestyle, metformin (MTF), and insulin. Methods: All teen pregnant women ≤ 19 years old visiting Baghdad Teaching Hospital throughout four years (from June 1, 2016 till May 31, 2020) diagnosed with GDM were included in this cohort study and followed-up closely throughout pregnancy and after delivery. Included adolescents were put on lifestyle alone during the first week of presentation. Adolescents who reached target glucose measurements were categorized into lifestyle group, while other adolescents were randomly allocated into MTF and insulin groups. Also, adolescent pregnant women without GDM were recruited as control group using computer randomization. Results: The GDM (110 cases) and control (121 individuals) groups had matched general features at recruitment except for diabetes family history. Also, GDM treatment groups had matched features. Glycemic readings (fasting and random) was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in insulin group having odds ratio (OR) of 1.41, and 1.57, respectively. In MTF group, significant protective OR was found in preeclampsia (OR=0.76, p< 0.05). MTF showed non-significant protective OR regarding prematurity and five minutes Apgar score>7 [(OR=0.83, p=0.24), and (OR=0.94, p=0.73), respectively], and significant protective association with large for gestational age and admission to neonatal intensive unit. Insulin had significantly higher prematurity, small for gestational age, and hypoglycemia [OR=1.89, 2.53, and 2.84, respectively]. Conclusion: Metformin (MTF) showed less pregnancy and neonatal complications in adolescent GDM than insulin and lifestyle. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3966 How to cite this:Jasim SK, Al-Momen H, Wahbi MA. Treatment options of Adolescent Gestational Diabetes: Effect on Outcome. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):1139-1144.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3966 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2017
Journal Name
Auditing & Interior Magazine Of Educational &scientific Studies
Seeds morphological study of different species of Medicago L., Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family in Iraq.
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This research delts with study seven species of seeds and wild varieties wild belonging to the genus Medicago L., these species are: M. constricta Dur., M. coronata (L.) Bartal., M. intertexta (L.) Mill., M. intertexta.var. ciliaris (L.) Hyen., M. laciniata (L.) Mill., M. lupulina L., M. minima (L.) Bartal. and M. sativa L., the research involved characteristics of shapes, dimensions, colors and the nature of the surface ornamentation of seeds and also the hilum site. the seeds forms ranged between crescent, reniform and ovate, in addition there was a clear difference in seeds dimensions in height and width, while, the color has been vary between light brown to brown and dark brown. The nature of the surface ornamentation was smooth, retic

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 07 2025
Journal Name
Sciences Journal Of Physical Education
The relationship of future anxiety to the level of academic ambition among female students
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Thu Jun 30 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Madenat Al-elem University College
Histopathological changes induced after oral administration of acetamiprid in kidneys of male albino mice
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Publication Date
Mon Jul 07 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Enhancement of tooth eruption by using amniotic stem cells (Immunohistochemical study of VEGF marker)
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Background: Tooth eruption is a localized process in the jaws which exhibits precise timing and bilateral symmetry. Develop within the jaws and their eruption is a complex infancy process during which they move through bone to their functional positions within the oral cavity. For species with more than one set of teeth, eruption of the second set also accomplishes. The key to the successful clinical management of tooth eruption consists of understanding that this process consists largely of the local regulation of alveolar bone metabolism to produce bone resorption in the direction of eruption and shift and formation of bone at the opposite side.The amniotic sac contains a considerable quantity of stem cells. These amniotic stem cells are

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 08 2021
Journal Name
Turkish Online Journal Of Qualitative Inquiry (tojqi)
Legislative Insufficiency in the Legal Regulation of the Trademark Study of the Iraqi Law
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Publication Date
Mon Jul 07 2025
Journal Name
Webology
Is the Stealth Marketing an Element of Promotion Mix? A Review of the Techniques
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Stealth marketing is considered as one of the contemporary issues that researchers have begun to explore as a current understanding. It is the marketing approach used by organizations to promote their products and services to the public in implicit and indirect manner. In this article, the concept of stealth marketing will be discussed throw its advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the different techniques of stealth marketing have been discussed including: viral marketing, celebrity marketing, brand pushers, bait-and-tease marketing, video games marketing, and marketing in music. Furthermore, a new technique of marketing entitled “Marketing through social responsibility” has been added and discussed according to the themes in the

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Thermal Science
Experimental investigation of the thermal performance of wet cooling tower with splash fills packing
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With the increasing intensity of the ecological and environmental problems and the scarcity of fresh water, this paper was introduced to investigate the ability to use treated wastewater as a cooling media via studying its behavior throughout a cooling tower. The simultaneous transfer of heat and mass from the treated wastewater to air over splash-fill packing arranged in a zigzag manner was studied. The characteristic of the cooling tower, the outlet water temperature, and the rejected heat were investigated as the water-to-air ratio and inlet water temperature were varied. The core results show that the cooling tower of the tower decreases with increasing water-to-air ratio, and increases with the raise of inlet water temperature.

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Investigation of Groundwater and The Impact of Over-Pumping in Al-Haydariyah Region, Iraq
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In this study; a three-dimensional model was created to simulate groundwater in Al-Haydariyah area of the governorate of Al-Najaf. A solid model was created to utilize the cross sections of 25 boreholes in the research region, and it was made out of two layers: sand and clay. The steady-state calibration was employed in six observation wells to calibrate the model and establish the hydraulic conductivity, which was 17.49 m/d for sand and 1.042 m/d for clay, with a recharge rate of 0.00007 m/day. The wells in the research region were reallocated with a distance of 1500 m between each well, resulting in 140 wells evenly distributed throughout the study area and with a discharge of 5 l/s, and the scenarios were run for 1000

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The statistic structure of the title in the poetry of Muhammed Ali Kazim Haider
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In this research, we attempt to show the extent of harmony in an aspect of the text according to the stylistics for the Knowing of the stylistic value of the title threshold, and the pathways of titles that suggest and support the meaning when the recipient reads the literary text, in addition to the interpretations that reflect the purposes of the poet who contributed to the drawing of his poetic achievement. The research presented a brief about the poet and his most important works, because they are the text which will be studied according to the stylistics. The research also explained the concept of style and the stylistics in the preface , because of the stylistic is the method adopted by the research to study the title thresholds in

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 22 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Petroleum Exploration And Production Technology
4D Finite element modeling of stress distribution in depleted reservoir of south Iraq oilfield
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Abstract<p>The harvest of hydrocarbon from the depleted reservoir is crucial during field development. Therefore, drilling operations in the depleted reservoir faced several problems like partial and total lost circulation. Continuing production without an active water drive or water injection to support reservoir pressure will decrease the pore and fracture pressure. Moreover, this depletion will affect the distribution of stress and change the mud weight window. This study focused on vertical stress, maximum and minimum horizontal stress redistributions in the depleted reservoirs due to decreases in pore pressure and, consequently, the effect on the mud weight window. 1D and 4D robust geomechanical models are</p> ... Show More
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