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Decomposition of selected chlorinated volatile organic compounds by ceria (CeO 2)
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Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are toxic chemical entities emitted invariably from stationary thermal operations when a trace of chlorine is present. Replacing the high-temperature destruction operations of these compounds with catalytic oxidation has led to the formulation of various potent metal oxides catalysts; among them are ceria-based materials. Guided by recent experimental measurements, this study theoretically investigates the initial steps operating in the interactions of ceria surface CeO2(111) with three CVOC model compounds, namely chloroethene (CE), chloroethane (CA) and chlorobenzene (CB). We find that, the CeO2(111) surface mediates fission of the carbon–chlorine bonds in the CE, CA and CB molecules via modest reaction barriers. As a result of localization of excess electrons left behind after creation of oxygen vacancies, analogous fission over an oxygen vacant surface systematically necessitates lower energy barriers. Dehydrochlorination of CE and CA molecules preferentially proceeds via a dissociative addition route; however, subsequent desorption of vinyl and ethyl moieties requires less energy than surface assisted β C–H bond breakage. The profound stability of hydrocarbon species on the surface contributes to the observed deactivation of ceria at temperatures as low as 580 K under pyrolytic conditions. Adsorption of an oxygen molecule at an oxygen vacant site initiates decomposition of the adsorbed phenyl moiety. Likewise, adsorbed surface hydroxyl groups serve as the hydrogen source in the observed conversion of CB into benzene. A plausible mechanism for the formation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene incorporates abstraction of a para hydrogen in the CB molecule by an O− surface anion followed by chlorine transfer from the surface. Plotted conversion–temperature profiles via a simplified kinetic model against corresponding experimental profiles exhibit a reasonable agreement. The results from this study could be useful in the ongoing efforts to improve ceria's catalytic capacity for destroying CVOCs.

Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
New Method for Determination of Molybdenum(VI) through Flow Injection Analysis Via the Consumption of Liberated Oxygen from Reaction System Ammonia-Hydrogen peroxide-Molybdenum(VI) in the Presence of Pyrogallol
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This piece of research work aims to study one of the most difficult reaction and determination due to continuous and rapid variation of reaction products and the reactants. As molybdenum (VI) aid in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium of ammomia, thus means a continuous liberation of oxygen which cuases and in a continuous manner a distraction in the measurement process. On this basis pyrogallol was used to absorbe all liberated oxygen and the result is an a clean undisturbed signals. Molybdenum (VI) was determined in the range of 4-100 ?g.ml-1 with percentage linearity of 99.8% or (4-300 ?g.ml-1 with 94.4%) while L.O.D. was 3.5 ?g.ml-1. Interferring ions (cations and anions) were studied and their main effect was red

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Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Mar 13 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Comparative Study of The Amount of Apically Extrusion Of Debris During Root Canal Preparation Using Wave Oneâ„¢, Trushape 3Dâ„¢, Hyflexâ„¢ CM and One Shapeâ„¢ Instrumentation Systems (An In Vitro Study)
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Background: Many types of instruments and techniques are used in the instrumentation of the root canal system. These instruments and techniques may extrude debris beyond the apical foramen and may cause post-instrumentation complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris resulted by using 4 types of nickel-titanium instruments (WaveOne, TRUShape 3D conforming files, Hyflex CM, and One Shape files) during endodontic instrumentation. Materials and methods: Forty freshly extracted human mandibular second premolar with straight canals and a single apex were collected for this study. All teeth were cut to similar lengths. Pre-weighted glass vials were used as collecting containers. Samples were randoml

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Suggested Model for The Work of the Certified Fraud Examiner & His Role in Reducing The Incidents of Fraud and Corruption: An Applied Study in The Federal Board of Supreme Audit
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Is hardly day expire without hearing the news either Abuse Managementthe accounting standards or the existence of serious misstatements by someauditors.Which caused the demanding of many companies in the recent republication of the financial statements and the re-announcement of its financialresults. Such acts raise questioning about the role that should be played by theauditors, prompting agencies responsible for setting auditing standards to takeTo throw increasingly responsibility on the auditors in order to interest risksfraud The Risks of Fraud in their review of the financial statements.also The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in the U.S.called about the need of owning the Certified Public Accountants those whoaudits for

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The problems of teaching the subject of reciting the Holy Quran and memorizing it through the teachers of the subject and the female students' perspectives and finding the required solutions
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The problem of the current paper is embodied in the weakness of the female students
of the department of the Quran sciences in the college of Education for Women in the
University of Baghdad in the subject of reciting and memorizing the Holy Quran. This is what
the professors and the scientific and educational supervisors stress equally through their visits
to the students applicants during the period of their practical application of teaching in the
schools; especially that the subject is thought for four years during their study in the college.
That weakness is so explicit with a quite large number of the students-applicants, who are
supposed to be the future teachers in the subject of the Holy Quran and Islamic Ed

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 21 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Analyzing the Reality of the Human and Financial Capabilities of Managing Basketball Sports Tournaments in Iraq from the Central Iraqi Federation, sub-federations, Referees, Premier League teams’ Point of View
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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Job involvement for workers and its influence in Crystallize organizational Identification (An analytical research of the opinions of a sample of workers in the Middle East, the Iraqi Investment Bank)
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Abstract:

     The current research is aimed at analyzing the impact of the dimensions of Job involvement of all of (the enthusiasm, the Devotion, Assimilation ) in the Crystallize organizational Identification across the dimensions of (organizational loyalty, membership, similarities) and was named the Middle East, the Iraqi Investment Bank room to look as the research community of staff adopted in the bank, to be applied to a Random sample of (100) employees working in the said bank, and developed for the purposes of data collection, a questionnaire form included three axes covered (32) paragraph of the measure, which is included adopted Liekrt Quintet for the

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Effects of Exclusive Breast Feeding for First Six Months of life on Children Weight, Height and Head Circumference in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan-Iraq and Compare with Other Types of Feeding
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Breastfeeding (BF) serves as a complete nutritional source for the first six months of infant’s life. Breast milk contains all essential nutrients that necessary for the physiological growth and development of infants. The aim of this study was to compare the physiological growth of infants including weight, height and head circumference who were exclusively breastfed for 6 months and those who were given bottle-fed or mixed fed and to find a percentage of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who contributed in this study in Sulaimani city. This study was carried out in Sulaimani city/ Kurdistan region of Iraq and the cases were enrolled between the first of October 2018 and first of October 2019. The infants’ weight, height and hea

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Scopus (2)
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 23 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Actual Use of Instructional Technology in Teaching History Subject in the Colleges of Education for Humanities from the of the College Staff Members' Perspectives and their Attitudes Towards Them
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The study aims at knowing the actual uses of instructional technology in teaching history subject in the colleges of education for humanities from the college staff members' perspectives and their attitudes towards it. The sample of the study consisted of (24) instructors from the Colleges of Education for the Humanities, the College of Basic Education- Haditha and the College of Education for Women, the study used the descriptive method, and the questionnaire was consisted of (50) items, and the psychometric properties of the instrument of the study were extracted. The researchers used the appropriate statistical means to analyze the data, and the results of the study showed the following: the teaching staff attitudes towards the use of

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The extent to which the content of social and national studies courses is included With interactive thinking maps for the stages of public education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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The present study aimed to identify the extent to which the content of social and national studies courses was included in interactive thinking maps in the educational stages in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to achieve the goal of the study, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach, and the study tool used consisted of a content analysis card; Where it included a list of the types of thinking maps, where the study sample consisted of all social and national studies courses at the elementary and intermediate levels, and it is (12) books for the student in its first and second parts, and after verifying the validity and reliability of the tool, it was applied to the study sample, and the study reached conclusions, inc

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The extent of compliance with the Central Bank’s of Iraq instructions regarding the liquidation real estate allocation and its impact on the fairness of the financial statements : An applied research
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 The financial statements   must accurately, clearly and fairly present the financial situation and financial statements should be reliable as well. Pursuant to Board Decision No. (74)  2020, CBI obliges banks, according to the Banking Law No. (94) for the year 2004, Article (33) paragraph 2  concerning real estate owned from previous years and expropriated as a result debt settlement , to apply a real estate liquidation provision  at  a  rate of 20% for each property expropriated and at a rate of 100% for each year of delay up to (5) years  .also from  the significance of the issue of  real estates that become a property of   banks as a result of debt settlement and the pr

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