In this paper, the effect of films thickness on the structural and optical properties of gold (Au) thin films prepared by the DC sputtering method was studied. At three different deposition times, three samples of gold thin films of three different thicknesses (200,400, and 600 nm) were prepared. X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, as well as optical spectroscopy, were used to characterize thin films. The crystalline structure of gold thin films was determined by the XRD pattern which showed to be cubic phase and polycrystalline in nature. The preferred orientation was (111) at 2Ѳ equal 37.4. The effect of deposition time on the morphology of the deposited films was v

In this research, the study effect of irradiation on structural and optical properties of thin film (CdO) by spray pyrolysis method, which deposited on glasses substrates at a thickness of (350±20)nm , The flow rate of solution was 5 ml/min and the substrate temperature was held constant at 400˚C.The investigation of (XRD) indicates that the (CdO) films are polycrystalline and type of cubic. The results of the measuring of each sample from grain size, micro strain, dislocation density and number of crystals the grain size decreasing after irradiation with gamma ray from(27.41, 26.29 ,23.63)nm . The absorbance and transmittance spectra have been recorded in the wavelength range (300-1100) nm in order to study the optical properties.

 The   aim  of   this   work   is   the   synthesis  of   new   derivatives  of   barbiturate   of  D-erythroascorbic acid. To obtain these derivatives, the 5,6-O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid (4) was chosen, which was prepared from the reaction of L-ascorbic acid (3) as a starting material with dry acetone in the presence of hydrogen chloride. The esterification of hydroxyl groups at C-2 and C-3 positions with excess of benzoyl chloride in dry pyridine was obtained compound (5). Hydrolysis for compound (5) in acetic acid (65%) gave the compound (6). Oxidation of the product (6) with sodium periodate results an Al

New    Derivatives    for   Known    P-   Jactam  antibiotics   were

synthesized  utilizing  the  free  amino  group  pres nt  in  the  parent compounds as the site for derivatization. The objectives for this study

are to have new compounds which could have an increased potential resistance to the degradative enzymes knowing to be able to destroy

the antibacterial activity of 13· lactam antibiotics- Besides. these new

derivatives  could  be  congeners  of     known  agents,  or  may  be  a

pott:ntial pro-drugs for thes

Abstract

      The target derivative are gentamicin linked with L-Val- L-Ala by an ester linkage. These were synthesized by esterification method, which included the reaction of -OH hydroxyl group on (carbon No.5) of gentamicin with the acid chloride of the corresponding dipeptide, The preparation of new derivative of gentamicin involved protected the primary & secondary amine groups of Gentamicin, by Ethylchloroformate (ECF) to give N-carbomethoxy Gentamicin which was used for further chemical synthesis involving the free hydroxyl groups.

Then prepared dipeptide (L-Val- L-Ala) by conventional solution method in present DCC & HoBt then reacted with thionyl

The ligand 4-amino-N-(5-methylisoxazole-3-yl)-benzene-sulfonamide(L1) (as a chelating ligand) was treated with Pd(II),Pt (IV) and Au(III) ions in alcoholic medium in order to prepare a series of new metal complexes. Mixed ligand complexes of this primary ligand were prepared in alcoholic medium in presence of the co-ligand 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl(L2) with Cu(II) ,Pd(II) and Au(III) ions. The complexes were characterized in solid state using flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis C.H.N.S, FT-IR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The nature of some complexes formed in ethanolic solution has been studied following the molar ratio method, also stability constant was studied and the complexes f

Zeolite Y nanoparticles were synthesized by sol - gel method. Dffirent samples using two silica sources were prepared.
Sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) (48% silica) and silicic acid silica (H2SiO3) (75% silica) were employed as silica
source and aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3.9H2O) was the aluminum source with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide
(TPAOH) as templating agent.
The synihesized-samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, showed the requirement of diffirent aging time for
complete crystallization to be achieved. Transmission Electronic Microscope (TEM) images, showed the particles were
in the same range of 30 - 75 nm. FT-IR spectroscory, showed the synthesized samples having the zeolite Y crystal
properties. The i

The effect of multiple scattering on the detected γ-photons at the surface of Hyakutake comet, which emitted from the radioisotope 137Cs were studied and compared the results with the single scattering case. Also the multiple scattering results were gathered with the single scattering case and investigate the effect. The calculations were conducted to analyze the variation of counts rate with source detector separation and the source of energy. Monte Carlo (MC) method was used to simulate the scattering and absorption of photons in semi-infinite material by developing the program in FORTRAN language (77 - 90) for this purpose. The distance between the source and the detector takes values of 1, 2,….5 cm, the results showed that single

 Synthetic polymers such as polyurethane are used widely in the field of biomedical applications such as implants or part of implant systems.

This paper focuses on the preparation of base polymer matrix composite materials by (Hand Lay-Up) method, and studying the effect of selected grain size (32, 53, 63, 75, and 90) µm of (Reenia) particles on some properties of the prepared composite.

Mechanical tests were used to evaluate the prepared system (Tensile, Compression, Impact, and Hardness) tests, and a physical test of (Water absorption %), and all tests were accomplished at room temperature.

Where results showed tensile test (maximum tensile strength and modulus of elasticity) high at small grain size while

The artificial silk (Rayon) was produced from the fronds of date palms which was taken from date palm trees (type Al-Zahdi) from the Iraqi gardens. Two main parts of the frond, namely leaves and stalks were used in this study to produce rayon. The palm fronds were converted into a powder of 90-180 micrometers. Major steps were used to produce rayon; delignification, bleaching and finally dissolution. Modified organosolv method which uses organic solvent method was applied to remove high lignin content. Three variables were studied in the delignification process: temperature, the ratio of ethanol to water and digestion time. The results showed that the best percent of lignin removal was (97%) which occured at; digestion time (80 minutes), te