ينطبق مصطلح الفاعلين من غير الدول على جميع القوى أو المنظمات أو الجهات التي لا تؤسسها الدولة ولا تكون طرفاً فيها، ولها هويتها الخاصة، وتتمتع بإستقلال تام عن تمويل ومراقبة الحكومات، وتمتلك مواردها الخاصة التي تضمن لها تحقيق أهدافها في البيئة التي تنشط فيها. إن الفواعل من غير الدول بوصفها كيانات إجتماعية أو إقتصادية غير حكومية ، قد جاءت نتيجة التحول الحاصل في بنية النظام الدولي والسياسة الدولية بإتجاه النظام العالمي والسياسة العالمية، وخلافاً للمفهوم السابق المتصور عن القوة والنفوذ، فإن الفواعل من غير الدول الجديدة تعتمد غالبا في إداءها "القوة الناعمة" بوصفها مصدر قوتها الأساسية، بخلاف الدول التي تضع "القوة الصلبة" في أولى أولوياتها ولم تلجأ الى مفهوم "القوة الناعمة" إلا في العقود المتأخرة. وفي العموم فإن دراسة ظاهرة تعدد الفاعلين الدوليين يؤدي إلى تناول الأدوار أو النشاطات الجديدة التي أخذت تؤديها الفواعل الدولية الجديدة غير الرسمية، والتي تسمى ((الفاعلين من غير الدول))، إذ لم يعد بالإمكان تجاهل دورها الذي أصبح يكوَّن جزءاً كبيراً من النشاط السياسي الدولي، وأحد أهم معطيات العلاقات الدولية المعاصرة، بالشكل الذي أخذ يؤثر على النظام السياسي الدولي سواءً من حيث تراتبية توزيع القوى الدولية، أم من حيث تباين الأدوار المرسومة للقوى الفاعلة في النظام الدولي بشكل عام، فضلاً عن تباين أهداف هذه القوى وتباين مصالحها الحيوية، علاوة على تباين مقومات القوة والقدرة التي تملكها، فلم يعد دورها تقليدياً في حدود علاقته بالدول الأخرى.
Big developments in technology have led to upset the balance of ideas, given of its own post new properties for products not provided by traditional technology, especially economic units operating within the industrial sector, and therefore it is important to develop the Iraqi industrial sector and interest to do its vital role in light Of progress technological, and the cost accounting has benefited from this technology to development its goals in the regulatory process through the use of non-destructive evaluation perspective in carrying out its functions and to provide appropriate assistance for the use of the products, which were traditional accounting does not take them into consideration. The research aims to a statement that the u
... Show MoreThe follower of the history of cinema in the world notes that cinema started recording one and these films are varied in their subjects, while the life of man was the material of these films to be in a creative artistic style. 
If the Palestinian films produced by Palestinian directors do not have an impact on the local, Arab and international levels, this is due to the weakness in several technical fields or with the intention to make them bad or negligence of those who produce these films. 
This research deals with the role played by Palestinian films in dealing with the internal situation from the point of view of the Palestinian media elite in terms of their exposure to films and the motives of this exposure and the expectation
Abstract:
Purpose\The researcher paper aims to determine the impact of information technology on the job performance, for Iraq private ban as through the use of technology dimensions of job performance.
The aim of this research: this study aims to discuss the importance of information technology and its role in achieving job performance and its impact on the Iraq banking sector design/ methodology/ approach used entrance design/methodology/approach- pilot, the questionnaire was used to collect data in order to develop a model to measure reliably and correctly to the variables of information technology and job performance, and hypotheses were tested through the use of some statisti
... Show MoreThe aim of this research is to introduce agricultural insurance, to define financing in the form of salam and the role of agricultural insurance in the prevention of risks to agricultural finance operations in the form of salam by verifying the hypotheses through which to reach the results, including the imposition of risks for agricultural finance in the form of salam, The study of agricultural finance in the form of salm, the deductive approach to the development of the problem of research and hypotheses, and the inductive method to extrapolate the results through analysis and brother The researcher concluded that agricultural insurance works to bridge the risks facing agricultural finance in the form of the ladder in cases of
... Show Moreشهد العصر الذهبي للإسلام تحول أساسي في مجال الزراعة عرف باسم "الثورة الزراعية الإسلامية" أو" الثورة الخضراء" أو "الثورة الزراعية العربية" ، وقد أتاح الوضع الاقتصادي العالمي الذي أسسه التجار المسلمون في جميع أنحاء العالم القديم ، نشر العديد من النباتات والتقنيات الزراعية بين أجزاء مختلفة من العالم ا
... Show MoreThe investment government expenditure is considered the fundamental of enhancing the economic activity as it has become a mean for achieving capital accumulation in all economic sectors, The Iraqi economy is characterized of being yield unilateral depending petroleum revenues as an essential resource of financing government expenditure , as the contribution of petroleum sector in GDP is large in proportions to other economic sectors contribution.
The relationship between investing government expenditure, and non-oil GDP is about to be not existent during the
... Show MoreA seemingly uncorrelated regression (SUR) model is a special case of multivariate models, in which the error terms in these equations are contemporaneously related. The method estimator (GLS) is efficient because it takes into account the covariance structure of errors, but it is also very sensitive to outliers. The robust SUR estimator can dealing outliers. We propose two robust methods for calculating the estimator, which are (S-Estimations, and FastSUR). We find that it significantly improved the quality of SUR model estimates. In addition, the results gave the FastSUR method superiority over the S method in dealing with outliers contained in the data set, as it has lower (MSE and RMSE) and higher (R-Squared and R-Square Adjus
... Show MoreThe Economist opinion (views) gathered on the great Importance’s of small enterprise on the production sectors at Developed or in developing countries, statistics indicate that these enterprise represent almost 90% of the total enterprises in most economies in the world.
Many of these enterprises have originated in Iraq since the beginning of last century and the question of financing these enterprises remained an issue facing the most of workers in this sector, because of the peculiarty of which are characterized by which as a lack of financial abilities and the difficulty of obtain the sources of financing in Iraq and considered the enterprise as the guarantor of fulfilling Financial obligations. Afte
... Show MoreForeign trade is very important in global economies because of its impact on the sustainability of economic growth by stimulating economic activity, creating jobs and expanding production . On the other side , this policy is a major obstacle to many developing countries and the reason is due to the nature of the economies of those countries because they rely mostly on one or a few economic resources, which makes them rely mostly on exports to that resource while they import most of the needs of their local market Which makes them in a spiral of underdevelopment , dependence and economic exposure, which requires them to break that cycle and the launch of economic development Perhaps one of the most important means to a
... Show MoreThe research aims to identify the impact of the merger of the companies affiliated to the Ministry of Industry and Minerals on their financial profitability since the companies before the merger suffered a rise in losses and the deficit reached very high levels that affected its overall performance and even on the morale of workers as losses are increasing and solutions Efficiency is absent. The problem stems from knowing the impact of the merger on the profitability ratios of the companies. The research field was represented by the companies affiliated to the Ministry of Industry and Minerals (21) companies, while the research sample reached (6) companies after the merger (14) companies before the merger, was based on data The f
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