Alongside the development of high-speed rail, rail flaw detection is of great importance to ensure railway safety, especially for improving the speed and load of the train. Several conventional inspection methods such as visual, acoustic, and electromagnetic inspection have been introduced in the past. However, these methods have several challenges in terms of detection speed and accuracy. Combined inspection methods have emerged as a promising approach to overcome these limitations. Nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques in conjunction with artificial intelligence approaches have tremendous potential and viability because it is highly possible to improve the detection accuracy which has been proven in various conventional nondestructive testing techniques. With the development of information technology, communication technology, and sensor technology, rail health monitoring systems have been evolving, and have become equally significant and challenging because they can achieve real-time detection and give a risk warning forecast. This paper provides an in-depth review of traditional nondestructive techniques for rail inspection as well as the development of using machine learning approaches, combined nondestructive techniques, and rail health monitoring systems.
Image compression is very important in reducing the costs of data storage transmission in relatively slow channels. Wavelet transform has received significant attention because their multiresolution decomposition that allows efficient image analysis. This paper attempts to give an understanding of the wavelet transform using two more popular examples for wavelet transform, Haar and Daubechies techniques, and make compression between their effects on the image compression.
This paper studies the adaptive coded modulation for coded OFDM system using punctured convolutional code, channel estimation, equalization and SNR estimation. The channel estimation based on block type pilot arrangement is performed by sending pilots at every sub carrier and using this estimation for a specific number of following symbols. Signal to noise ratio is estimated at receiver and then transmitted to the transmitter through feedback channel ,the transmitter according to the estimated SNR select appropriate modulation scheme and coding rate which maintain constant bit error rate
lower than the requested BER. Simulation results show that better performance is confirmed for target bit error rate (BER) of (10-3) as compared to c
Research was: 1- known as self-efficacy when students perceived the university. 2- know the significance of statistical differences in perceived self-efficacy according to gender and specialty. Formed the research sample of (300) students were chosen from the original research community by way of random (150) male specialization and scientific and humanitarian (150) females specialized scientific and humanitarian. The search tool to prepare the yard tool to measure perceived self-efficacy based on measurements and previous literature on the subject of perceived self-efficacy. The researcher using a number of means, statistical, including test Altaúa and analysis of variance of bilateral and results showed the enjoyment of the research s
... Show MoreAutonomous motion planning is important area of robotics research. This type of planning relieves human operator from tedious job of motion planning. This reduces the possibility of human error and increase efficiency of whole process.
This research presents a new algorithm to plan path for autonomous mobile robot based on image processing techniques by using wireless camera that provides the desired image for the unknown environment . The proposed algorithm is applied on this image to obtain a optimal path for the robot. It is based on the observation and analysis of the obstacles that lying in the straight path between the start and the goal point by detecting these obstacles, analyzing and studying their shapes, positions and
... Show MoreObjectives: To identify child or family related risk factors for
unintentional childhood poisoning in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq and to suggest
possible causes and preventive measures.
Methods: This is an epidemiological description and a case-control study. The study was undertaken in Sulaymani ,in 2004-2005. Cases were 200 children who were admitted to the hospital for treatment of poisoning. For every case two controls were selected. Al l parents of the children were interviewed by using a questionnaire that incl uded demographic and poisoning characteristic information.<
... Show MoreIsthmus life and prepare for it
The extracting of personal sprite from the whole image faced many problems in separating the sprite edge from the unneeded parts, some image software try to automate this process, but usually they couldn't find the edge or have false result. In this paper, the authors have made an enhancement on the use of Canny edge detection to locate the sprite from the whole image by adding some enhancement steps by using MATLAB. Moreover, remove all the non-relevant information from the image by selecting only the sprite and place it in a transparent background. The results of comparing the Canny edge detection with the proposed method shows improvement in the edge detection.
Doses for most drugs are determined from population-level information, resulting in a standard ?one-size-fits-all’ dose range for all individuals. This review explores how doses can be personalised through the use of the individuals’ pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) profile, its particular application in children, and therapy areas where such approaches have made inroads.
The Bayesian forecasting approach, based on population PK/PD models that account for variability in exposure and response, is a potent method for personalising drug therapy. Its potential utility is eve