background: human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (her2/neu) is related to growth factor receptors with alkaline kinase activity and it is regarded as important prognostic and therapeutic factor that can depended on in breast cancer therapy. HER2/neu expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is submitted to a great in terob server inconsistency. Subsequently additional confirmatory tests for assessment of gene alterations and amplification status are needed for patients with early or metastatic breast cancer. In situ hybridization techniques and specifically Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) was arise as a practical, cost-effective, and alternative to fluorescent in situ hybridization in testing for gene alterationAims of the study: was to determinate her2/neu gene amplification in (27) breast cancer cases with equivocal her2/neu (2+) detected by IHC by using dual-color chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) method and to compare the results with clinic-pathological parameters of those patients like age, stage, grade, ER, PR and ki-67.Methods: twenty seven breast-cancer cases with equivocal HER2-IHC(2+) test results were prospectively collected and reanalyzedusing dual-color CISH (Zyto- Vision) detection kit for further identification of her2/neu gene amplification.Results: Cases with equivocal staining for her2/neu were about 27 cases; these cases were involved in chromogenic in situ hybridization technique to determine the status of her2/neu gene. After CISH study 12(44.4%)cases show her2/neu gene amplification (her2/neu/CEN17 ratio > 2.2).In15 (55.5%) cases out of 27 cases, no amplification of the HER2 gene was shown (her2/neu/CEN17 ratio <1.8).Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients with equivocal IHC(2+) test results show amplification of the HER2 gene by ISH.CISH method has the advantage of diagnosis of gene amplification and revealing tissue histopathology under light microscope.
Background: The American Joint committee on Cancer in their 8th edition staging manual regarded perineural invasion as one of the most important prognostic factors for Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma, it also incorporated tumor depth of invasion in defining tumor size category in the new staging system. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of perineural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the effect of approaching tumor depth in this process. Materials and Methods: fifty-four formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of radical resections of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma were cut and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, then evaluated for perineural invasion, with estimation of tumor depth of i
... Show MoreCoupling reaction of 2-amino benzoic acid with the 8-hydroxy quinoline gave the azo ligand (H2L): 5-(2-benzoic acid azo )-8-hydroxy quinoline.Treatment of this ligand with some metal ions (CoII, NiII and CuII ) in ethanolic medium with a (1:2) (M:L) ratio yielded a series of neutral complexes with general Formula[M(HL)2],where: M=Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), HL=anion azo ligand (-1).The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption,FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements.
Adsorption studies were carried out to test the ability of the Iraqi rice bran (Amber type) to adsorb some metals divalent cations (Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) as an alternative tool to remove these pollutants from water. The Concentrations of these ions in water were measured using flame and flamless atomic absorption spectrophotometry techniques. The applicability of the adsorption isotherm on Langmuir or Freundlisch equation were tested and found to be dependent on the type of ions. The results showed different adsorptive behavior and different capacities of the adsorption of the ions on the surface of the bran. The correlation between the amounts adsorbed and different cation parameters including (electronegativity, io
... Show MoreAbortion is categorized as the termination of conception caused by the failure or removal of the embryo from the uterus before the conclusion of pregnancy. Microorganisms and genetic factors are two of the many factors associated with abortion. Cytomegalovirus is a widespread congenital virus infection pathogen that affects a wide variety of people. The prothrombin gene is one of the essential causes that trigger blood clotting and the function of abortion women, therefore the aim of the study is to detect and associate Cytomegalovirus and prothrombin gene mutation (Gene ID: 14061 in NCBI) with abortion through genetic and immunological methods. Five ml of whole blood was collected from an intravenous puncture and divided into two tubes,
... Show MoreAs modern radiotherapy technology advances, radiation dose and dose distribution have improved significantly. As part of a natural evolution, there has recently been renewed interest in therapy, particularly in the use of heavy charged particles, because these types of radiation serve theoretical advantages in all biological and physical aspects. The interactions of alpha particle with matter were studied and the stopping powers of alpha particle with Breast Tissue were calculated by using Beth-Bloch equation, Zeigler's formula and SRIM software, also the Range and Liner Energy Transfer (LET) and Breast Thickness As well as Dose and Dose equivalent for this particle were calculated by using Mat lab language for (0.01-200) MeV alpha ene
... Show MoreA condense study was done to compare between the ordinary estimators. In particular the maximum likelihood estimator and the robust estimator, to estimate the parameters of the mixed model of order one, namely ARMA(1,1) model.
Simulation study was done for a varieties the model. using: small, moderate and large sample sizes, were some new results were obtained. MAPE was used as a statistical criterion for comparison.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Campylobacter coli was extracted using digestive enzyme and hot phenol water method. Anti-LPS was prepared by injecting rabbits with different concentration of LPS. The result showed that the titer of anti-LPS antibodies using precipitation test is 40, the result also showed Histopathological effect of partial pure LPS. It was found that the LPS caused slightly effect represent as intestinal villi atrophy and aggregation of hyperplasia of lymphocyte cells payers patch, while effect on liver was sinusoids dilation with few inflammation cell infiltration, congestion and dispersed necrotized hepatocyte. Also we found effects on spleen cell as widening of white and red pulp, diffused hyperplasia of lymphoid cells and
... Show MoreThe cancer is one of the biggest health problems that facing the world . And the bladder cancer has a special place among the most spread cancers in Arab countries specially in Iraq and Egypt(2) . It is one of the diseases which can be treated and cured if it is diagnosed early . This research is aimed at studying the assistant factors that diagnose bladder cancer such as (patient's age , gender , and other major complains of hematuria , burning or pain during urination and micturition disorders) and then determine which factors are the most effective in the possibility of diagnosing this disease by using the statistical model (logistic regression model) and depending on a random sample of (128) patients . After
... Show MoreThe research aims to learn spatial disparities tracts of agricultural crops in the
province of Maysan and their relationship (the salinity of the soil and the degree of chemical
interaction (PH)) The research is divided into an introduction and three Investigation eat first
section spatial disparities agricultural crops (cereals, vegetables, legumes and forage). The
comparison between the years of production in the province where the province has seen
varied spatial by hand and taking second section degrees of soil salinity and its impact on
agriculture, as well as the chemical reaction (PH) and its impact on agriculture The third
section has been used three technical techniques first linkage and the second simple an
A biconical antenna has been developed for ultra-wideband sensing. A wide impedance bandwidth of around 115% at bandwidth 3.73-14 GHz is achieved which shows that the proposed antenna exhibits a fairly sensitive sensor for microwave medical imaging applications. The sensor and instrumentation is used together with an improved version of delay and sum image reconstruction algorithm on both fatty and glandular breast phantoms. The relatively new imaging set-up provides robust reconstruction of complex permittivity profiles especially in glandular phantoms, producing results that are well matched to the geometries and composition of the tissues. Respectively, the signal-to-clutter and the signal-to-mean ratios of the improved method are consis
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