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Unravelling the genetic diversity and population structure of common walnut in the Iranian Plateau
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background

Common walnut (Juglans regia L.) has a long cultivation history, given its highly valuable wood and rich nutritious nuts. The Iranian Plateau has been considered as one of the last glaciation refugia and a centre of origin and domestication for the common walnut. However, a prerequisite to conserve or utilize the genetic resources of J. regia in the plateau is a comprehensive evaluation of the genetic diversity that is conspicuously lacking. In this regard, we used 31 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to delineate the genetic variation and population structure of 508 J. regia individuals among 27 populations from the Iranian Plateau.

Results

The SSR markers expressed a high level of genetic diversity (HO = 0.438, and HE = 0.437). Genetic differentiation among the populations was moderate (FST = 0.124), and genetic variation within the populations (79%) significantly surpassed among populations (21%). The gene flow (Nm = 1.840) may have remarkably influenced the population genetic structure of J. regia, which can be attributed to anthropological activities and wind dispersal of pollen. The STRUCTURE analysis divided the 27 populations into two main clusters. Comparing the neighbor-joining and principal coordinate analysis dendrograms and the Bayesian STRUCTURE analysis revealed the general agreement between the population subdivisions and the genetic relationships among the populations. However, a few geographically close populations dispersed into different clusters. Further, the low genetic diversity of the Sulaymaniyah (SMR) population of Iraq necessitates urgent conservation by propagation and seedling management or tissue culture methods; additionally, we recommend the indispensable preservation of the Gonabad (RGR) and Arak (AKR) populations in Iran.

Conclusions

These results reflected consistent high geographical affinity of the accession across the plateau. Our findings suggest that gene flow is a driving factor influencing the genetic structure of J. regia populations, whereas ecological and geological variables did not act as strong barriers. Moreover, the data reported herein provide new insights into the population structure of J. regia germplasm, which will help conserve genetic resources for the future, hence improving walnut breeding programs’ efficiency.

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Publication Date
Tue May 16 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Professional Business Review
The Mediating Role of Operations Management Practices on the Relationship Between the Dimensions of Manufacturing Flexibility and Competitiveness
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Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine knowing the real role and impact of manufacturing flexibility on competitiveness through operations management practices, which is to determine the role and impact of manufacturing flexibility on competitiveness directly in the General Company for the Battery Industry. On the other hand, identifying the indirect role of flexible manufacturing systems in enhancing competitiveness.   Theoretical framework: The main purpose of the theoretical framework is to identify all the dimensions and variables included in the current study, and thus form a deep scientific view of the study and its variables.   Design/methodology/approach: field coexistence, personal interviews, and classification of

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 23 2023
Journal Name
Pakistan Heart Journal
The Impact of Claus Meyer on Metacognitive Thinking and Learning the Skill of Defending the Court with Volleybal
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The study aimed to prepare a measure of metacognitive thinking commensurate with learning the skill, preparing educational units using the Claus Meyer model for metacognitive thinking, and learning the skill of defending the court in volleyball. To identify the effect of educational units using the model (and Claus Meyer) for metacognitive thinking and learning the skill of defending the court in volleyball. The two researchers used the experimental approach with the design of the experimental and control groups.The research community consisted of students of the second stage / College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Baghdad for the academic year 2021-2022, whose number is (385) st

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2002
Journal Name
رسالة ماجستير
THE JAPANESE – CHINESE RELATIONS Study of the Real and Future of the Japanese - Chinese Relations since 1949 - 2001
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With the twenty - First century, It becomes clear to us that for 110 years the Japanese - Chinese relations have been witnessing big radical events and developments. ( we take the year of 1949 as the starting date for this relations). In order to prove hypothesis the study divided in to four chapters. - The first chapter deals with explaining the factors of the subject of the Japanese - Chinese relations which described as Indirect threat and aggressive relations from Japan to China after the Second World War by Japanese entering in the American world strategy, in order to destroy the communist china's system which decleard in 1949, because the united states understood that the new system in Beijing could threat American's Interest

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Relations Of Design And The Role Of It Making The Idea For Fashion Design: فرات جمال العتابي
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Any design subject to a set of forces contributing to the establishment of relations working to strengthen the internal elements of the design; any imbalance in these elements can make a fragmented and weak design, thus preventing it from achieving the goal or performance. Poor performance can be attributed to various factors: the extent and function of the elements and principles in the design, realization of the idea, especially in fashion design.
Moreover, there are many aspects of a design that go into achieving the realization of the designer’s idea. The design utilizes a lot of stimulants by drawing attention to its design, which is consistent with the need for psychological and material individuals. In this research, we will

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
the role of Green Human Resources Management Practices in strengthening the Strategic Positioning An Analytical Research on Leaders opinion in the Nongovernmental Hospitals in Erbil
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This research is seeks to state the role of Green Human Resources Management Practices and their dimensions (Green Employment and Selection, Green Performance Assessment, Green Training & Development and Green Compensation and Stimulation Systems) in strengthening the Strategic Positioning in the Nongovernmental Hospitals in Erbil city, and aims to analyze the relationship between Green Human Resources Management Practices and Strategic Positioning and to show the impact of Green Human Resources Management Practices in determining the Strategic Position.

            It is depended on a questionnaire as key tools for achieving data, as designed on

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
Results In Engineering
Experimental and analytical study of the energy and exergy performance for different evaporative pads in hot and dry climate
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In this work, effects of using different evaporative cooling pads (ECPs) on the energetic and exergetic efficiency of a direct evaporative air cooler (DEAC) have been theoretically and experimentally investigated. Three types of ECPs were used, i.e., honeycomb cellulose cooler pad (HCCP), shading-cloth cooler pad (SCCP), and aspen wood wool cooler pad (AWWCP). For SCCP and AWWCP, a 3-cm pad thickness was used, while for the HCCP, three different values of pad thickness were used, i.e., 3, 5, and 7 cm. Tests were carried out using air velocities of 8, 14, and 19 m/s, measured at the DEAC outlet. Engineering equation solver (EES) used for performing the required calculations of the various parameters affecting the thermal performance of the D

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Petrophysical Characterization and Lithology of the Mishrif Formation in Ratawi Oil Field, Southern Iraq
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The Ratawi Oil Field (ROF) is one of Iraq's most important oil fields because of its significant economic oil reserves. The major oil reserves of ROF are in the Mishrif Formation. The main objective of this paper is to assess the petrophysical properties, lithology identification, and hydrocarbon potential of the Mishrif Formation using interpreting data from five open-hole logs of wells RT-2, RT-4, RT-5, RT-6, and RT-42. Understanding reservoir properties allows for a more accurate assessment of recoverable oil reserves. The rock type (limestone) and permeability variations help tailor oil extraction methods, extraction methods and improving recovery techniques. The petrophysical properties were calculated using Interactive Petroph

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
National Journal Of Physiology, Pharmacy And Pharmacology
The attitudes of final year medical and pharmacy students to interprofessional learning in Iraq
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Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Evaluation the Effects of CO2 Laser on Soft and Hard Tissues (in vitro study)
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CO2 laser (10.6 μm) is the most often used laser in the oral surgery due to its high absorption by water of the oral tissues. Several benefits of the use of CO2 laser have been reported for oral surgical procedures. This study aims to evaluate the effect of CO2 laser on soft and hard oral tissues (in vitro study). This study was done on fresh tissues from sheep’s head. CO2Surgical Laser with different operation modes was used; 0.2 mm spot size using different laser parameters on the tongue, and bone making holes, incisions and cutting. The depths and widths of holes and incisions were measured using endodontic file under magnification. The speed of incisions was calculated and the required time for cutting was measured using sport clo

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Annals Of Tropical Medicine And Public Health
The extent of UMOD gene polymorphism and its level in type 2 diabetes patients
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