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Unravelling the genetic diversity and population structure of common walnut in the Iranian Plateau
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background

Common walnut (Juglans regia L.) has a long cultivation history, given its highly valuable wood and rich nutritious nuts. The Iranian Plateau has been considered as one of the last glaciation refugia and a centre of origin and domestication for the common walnut. However, a prerequisite to conserve or utilize the genetic resources of J. regia in the plateau is a comprehensive evaluation of the genetic diversity that is conspicuously lacking. In this regard, we used 31 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to delineate the genetic variation and population structure of 508 J. regia individuals among 27 populations from the Iranian Plateau.

Results

The SSR markers expressed a high level of genetic diversity (HO = 0.438, and HE = 0.437). Genetic differentiation among the populations was moderate (FST = 0.124), and genetic variation within the populations (79%) significantly surpassed among populations (21%). The gene flow (Nm = 1.840) may have remarkably influenced the population genetic structure of J. regia, which can be attributed to anthropological activities and wind dispersal of pollen. The STRUCTURE analysis divided the 27 populations into two main clusters. Comparing the neighbor-joining and principal coordinate analysis dendrograms and the Bayesian STRUCTURE analysis revealed the general agreement between the population subdivisions and the genetic relationships among the populations. However, a few geographically close populations dispersed into different clusters. Further, the low genetic diversity of the Sulaymaniyah (SMR) population of Iraq necessitates urgent conservation by propagation and seedling management or tissue culture methods; additionally, we recommend the indispensable preservation of the Gonabad (RGR) and Arak (AKR) populations in Iran.

Conclusions

These results reflected consistent high geographical affinity of the accession across the plateau. Our findings suggest that gene flow is a driving factor influencing the genetic structure of J. regia populations, whereas ecological and geological variables did not act as strong barriers. Moreover, the data reported herein provide new insights into the population structure of J. regia germplasm, which will help conserve genetic resources for the future, hence improving walnut breeding programs’ efficiency.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 22 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Continuous improvement of technology and its role In reducing the costs in accordance with the management style On the basis of the activities (ABM): Applied Research in the General Company for Textile Industries / hula
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The administration on the basis of the activities designed to evaluate the performance of activities in terms of cost, time and quality by identifying activities that add value and those that are no add value and  enables the administration of making up their own continuous improvement in production, through lower costs and reduce the time and improve the quality   and reduce the incidence of spoilage and waste, y based search Ally premise that (the continuous improvement of the adoption of management style on the basis of the activities helps management in decision-making wise to reduce  costs) to prove the hypothesis has sought research to achieve its goal of  Alkadivh and Alkoppelan     &nb

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 29 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Marketing mix and its role in promoting the status of insurance companies in the customers mind: Exploratory comparative research between the Iraq public insurance company and the private insurance company
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The ability of insurance companies to achieve goals depends on their ability to meet customers' requirements, and this requires them to identify target markets and respond to needs and wishes of the markets, the skill is to convince the company to operate what is in the interest of the customer if he is convinced the customer service provided to him, he would repeat to deal with, and where the cost of maintaining existing customers is less than the cost of attracting new customers, the insurance companies that is working hard to maintain their customers, the more customer satisfaction with the services provided has increased loyalty and weakened the ability of competitors lured.

       &nbs

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 20 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of the external audit in improving the performance of the services provided: Applied research in the municipal directorate in ALMuthanna
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The subject of improving the performance of services provided by government institutions of the important topics at the present time because of their direct contact at the service of citizens and the increased importance of these units as a result of the diversity of activities performed by the so governments of the countries and their people made sure to pay attention to the good use of those allocated to those sectors of resources and spending in the service prescribed and manage the highest level of efficiency and effectiveness and monitor the proper management of the money used in those sectors and evaluate their performance through the Supreme Audit Institutions so that they can play their role oversight and contribute to th

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2013
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
The efficacy and tolerability of 10mg and 20mg/day isotretinoinin the treatment of acne vulgaris in Iraqi patients
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Back ground: Oral isotretinoin is recommended
for sever nodulocystic acne in the doses 0.5-
2mg/kg/day which is usually associated with higher
incidence of adverse effects. To reduce the
incidence of side-effects and to make it more costeffective,
the lower dose regimen of isotretinoin has
been used.
Aim: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of
oral isotretinoin 10mg and 20mg/day in acne
vulgaris.
Methods: one hundred and twenty patients with
acne vulgaris were randomized into two treatment
regimens each consisting of 60 patients. The first
was treated with 10mg/day and the second group
with 20mg/day for 24 weeks. Fifty five patients
from the first group and 47 patients from the second

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluation of projects during the trial operation period in accordance with the cost, quality and time - applied research in the Directorate-General for the distribution
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Research includes evaluation of projects implemented and which entered into trial operation period in accordance with the evaluation criteria and of (cost, quality and time) to determine the size deviations gap for the sample of projects during the years of assessment (2011-2012-2013-2014) of each of the three evaluation criteria, and then followed by a calculation the size of the overall gap to the problem based on the research problem to determine deviations from the specific implementation of each project by answering several questions to answer turns out the reasons for these deviations occur.

The importance of research Focus on the evaluation of received projects from contractors executing the projec

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Feb 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Strategic Information Systems and their effects on the Developing of Intellectual Capital in the Electricity Distribution Company in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
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This research aims to study the impact of strategic information systems on the development of intellectual capital in the Public Shareholding Electricity Distribution Company in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed for the purpose of data collection, as the number of valid questionnaires for analysis was about (135), and SPSS and AMOS 0.26 software was used to analyze the collected data. The study found out that the respondents' perceptions of the level of importance of strategic information systems and the level of importance of intellectual capital were high, and that the relational capital has ranked as first, followed by structural capital, and h

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Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2020
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The effect of exercises according to the differentiated education method in developing agility and learning the collar skill of students in rhythmic gymnastics
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The second half of the last century witnessed a great scientific revolution that was able to bring about wide changes in various fields, including the field of physical education, which plays a fundamental role in the process of change for the better, and which knocked all the doors of modern science in various aspects and from this perspective we see that students have different capabilities And interests and motives, which require providing a differentiated education, and this depends on the necessity of knowing each student and on the school’s ability to know appropriate strategies for teaching each student so there is no single way to teach so the research problem comes in experimenting with an educational method that works on

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Jul 03 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Effect of using the active learning in the achievement of third grade intermediate students in mathematics and them tendency towards the study of its
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Current research aims to find out:

  1. Effect of using the active learning in the achievement of third grade intermediate students in mathematics.
  2. Effect of using of active learning in the tendency towards the study of mathematics for students of third grade intermediate.

In order to achieve the goals of the research, the researcher formulated the following two hypotheses null:

  1. There is no difference statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) between two average of degrees to achievement

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Performance evaluation of vocational and administrative institutions in the media using the bench-marking of new media: analytical study in the Journal of time
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Provides the style of benchmarking the best possible use whenevaluating the performance and evaluation, as well as improved performance,due to its consistency with the principles of good evaluation of theperformance, an extension of the completion of several functions of the timeand cost less, thereby increasing the efficiency of the management of theinstitutions, especially institutions, the media, as it became public the future ofthe message sender to the same time Zaorosaúl new media is challenging thetraditional media of what distinguishes this new interactive media and mass ledto this transition . However, the media Aljdidhoosaúl traditional mediacontinue to coexist and reinforce each Menhmaalakhr, for his wealth offreedom of opin

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 17 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of The Iraqi University
Analysis of the Content of the Physics Textbook of the 3rd Intermediate Grade According to the Criteria for Designing and Producing in Fographics
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In this study, the researcher aims to analyze the content of the physics textbook for the 3rd intermediate grade according to the criteria for designing and producing infographics, and the research community consists of the content of the physics textbook for the 3rd intermediate grade intermediate grade for the academic year 2021-2022. The researcher adopted the analysis instruments with a number of the criteria for designing and producing infographics. The results revealed randomness in the percentage of the criteria included in the content of the physics textbook for the 3rd intermediate grade, and they are not compatible with the proposed criteria by the experts also.