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The Water Footprint and Virtual Water and Their Effect on Food Security in Iraq
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Abstract<p>The study aimed to explaining the concepts of water footprint and virtual water and how these two concepts could use to achieve water savings at the local level to meet the water supply deficit in Iraq, which is expected to increase in the coming years and influence of that on food security in Iraq by using these concepts when drawing production, irrigated and import plans in Iraq. The study aimed to studying the water footprint and virtual water and their impact on the foreign trade for wheat and rice crops during the period 2000-2022 and estimating the most important indicators of virtual water and the water footprint of the study crops due to the importance of these criteria in determining the amount of increase or decrease in the area of the studied crops, according to the foreign trade policy. This study was concluded that the average total water footprint of the wheat and rice crops during the study period is (20.27,13.89) billion m3 respectively, and the average percentage of dependence on external water resources for both crops are (20.49%,67.98%) respectively, and the average percentage of self-sufficiency in water resources are (79.51%,32.01%) respectively, and the average unit productivity of irrigation water for both crops is (0.19,0.10) kg/m3 respectively during 2000-2022.The average for the water needs of wheat and rice crops during the study period were (6.04,10.19) m3/kg respectively, the average amounts of water used in local production for both crops are (14.23,4.01) billion m3 respectively, the average amounts of virtual water imported for both crops are (6.19,10.03) billion m3 respectively, and the average value of the imported virtual water for both crops is (382,529) thousand dollars during the period 2000-2022. The study recommended to taking in account these concepts in plans of production and distributing irrigation water.</p>
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Publication Date
Fri Mar 03 2023
Journal Name
The Egyptian Journal Of Hospital Medicine
Immunological Assessment of Human Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Iraqi Female With Thyroid Autoimmune Disease
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Human Adenosine deaminase is an essential enzyme for modulating the bioactivity of thyroid hormones, and It is important for the maturation and differentiation of lymphocytes, although its clinical importance in thyroid diseases have yet to be identified. Objective: The aim of the current study is to determine the Adenosine deaminase concentration in healthy controls, and in autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Graves' Disease, and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Patients and methods: A total of 183 serum specimens of 103 female patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases and 80 healthy control groups were included in this study and collected from the Baghdad Medical City, Iraq. Quantitative Human Adenosine Deaminase ELISA kits were used to estimate

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Association of pvc genes expression with Biofilm formation in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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PvcABCD are cluster of genes found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The research was designed to examine the relationship between the pvc genes expression and cupB gene, which plays a crucial role in the development of biofilm, and rhlR, which regulates the expression of biofilm-related genes, and to investigate whether the pvc genes form one or two operons. The aims were achieved by employing qRT-PCR technique to measure the gene expression of genes of interest. It was found that out of 25 clinical isolates, 21 isolates were qualified as P.aeruginosa. Amongst, 18(85.7%) were evaluated as biofilm producers, 10 (47.6%), 5 (23.8%), and 3 (14.2%) were evaluated as strong, moderate and weak producers respectively, while, 3 (14.2%) were considered

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 26 2022
Journal Name
Petroleum Science And Technology
Building 3D geological model using non-uniform gridding for Mishrif reservoir in Garraf oilfield
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Communications In Computer And Information Science
Automatically Recognizing Emotions in Text Using Prediction by Partial Matching (PPM) Text Compression Method
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In this paper, we investigate the automatic recognition of emotion in text. We perform experiments with a new method of classification based on the PPM character-based text compression scheme. These experiments involve both coarse-grained classification (whether a text is emotional or not) and also fine-grained classification such as recognising Ekman’s six basic emotions (Anger, Disgust, Fear, Happiness, Sadness, Surprise). Experimental results with three datasets show that the new method significantly outperforms the traditional word-based text classification methods. The results show that the PPM compression based classification method is able to distinguish between emotional and nonemotional text with high accuracy, between texts invo

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 30 2021
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Clients' Satisfaction with Immunization Services at Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad, Al-Karkh
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Background: Client satisfaction with the immunization service is used to evaluate the quality of the admitted service and at the same time it affects the goodness of the health care outcome.

Objectives: This study assessed the satisfaction with immunization services offered to children and factors affecting this satisfaction.

Methods: Exit interviews for clients were conducted in Baghdad, Al-Karkh in a representative sample of primary health care centers to assess clients’ satisfaction with immunization services. Clients are companions of children encountered at study settings.

Results: Among the 253 respondent clients, 183 (72.3%) reflected satisfaction with the immunization

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Petroleum Science And Engineering
Performance evaluation of analytical methods in linear flow data for hydraulically-fractured gas wells
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 09 2020
Journal Name
Frontiers In Plant Science
Red Light Controls Adventitious Root Regeneration by Modulating Hormone Homeostasis in Picea abies Seedlings
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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Investigating of Charge Transfer in Cu/F8 Using Donor-Acceptor Model due Quantum Transition
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in this paper, we study and investigate a simple donor-acceptor model for charge transfer formation using a quantum transition theory. The transfer parameters which enhanced the charge transfer and the rate of the charge transfer have been calculated. Then, we study the net charge transfer through interface of Cu/F8 contact devices and evaluate all transfer coefficients. The charge transfer rate of transfer processes is found to be dominated in the low orientation free energy and increased a little in decreased potential at interface comparison to the high potential at interface. The increased transition energy results in increasing the orientation of Cu to F8. The transfer in the system was more active when the system has large driving for

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 18 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Advances In Chemistry
Anastatica Hierochuntica L. Used As an Alternative of Conjugated Estrogen (Premarin) in Rabbit Females
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Anastatica Hierochuntica L. Used As an Alternative of Conjugated Estrogen (Premarin) in Rabbit Females

Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Advances In Cancer Biology - Metastasis
CX3CL1 as potential immunotherapeutic tool for bone metastases in lung cancer: A preclinical study
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