Objective: The antimicrobial efficacy of three disinfection solutions: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and Listerine mouthwash were investigated as routine chair-side gutta-percha (GP) disinfection reagents. Design: four groups of gutta percha points were contaminated with E. faecalis bacteria then disinfected by immersion in different solutions (5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, Listerine mouth wash and distilled water as control) after 1 and 7 days culturing periods. The antibacterial efficacy of these disinfection solutions was evaluated by using colonies per units (CPU) Methods: Forty GP cones (F3 Dentsply) were sterilized with ethylene oxide gas before immersed contamination within broth media containing E. faecalis for 20 min. Cones then divided them equally into four groups (n = 10) based on the treated disinfection solution, whilst one group received no disinfection treatment (control group). Each cone was then immersed into broth media within separated Eppendorf tubes for 3 min before 100 μl was taken to be cultured in an agar plate for 24h. The remaining broth media tubes were incubated for 7 days at 37℃ before taking another 100 μl to be cultured in new agar plates. CPU for E. faecalis growth were calculated for the two period cultured plates: immediately after GP disinfection (day 0) and after 7 days incubation. Results: All groups except control showed low E. faecalis colonies growth. The colony-forming units (CFU) of E. faecalis on day 0 was zero growth in NaOCl and CHX disinfected groups and much higher (14) within Listerine group. On day 7, only NaOCl group still have complete inhibition for E. faecalis colonies growth. CHX antimicrobial potency was decreased with time, while CFU for Listerine group decreased after 7 days incubation. Conclusion: The NaOCl was the best disinfection for gutta-percha cones, followed by CHX and Listerine mouthwash
The research aims to explore the difficulties that encounter teaching geography of cities as perceived by female students. A total of (113) third stage female students / Geography Dept / college of education for women were chosen as a sample for the study. To collect the required data, a questionnaire was used as an instrument; it consisted of six parts represent teaching difficulties. It was a three-point Likert scale instrument with 1 signifying ‘main difficulty, 2 ‘sub-difficulty, and 3 ‘no difficult'. The difficulties organized in descend order, to analyze data, SPSS tool was used. The results revealed that the difficulties of content ranged (2.15-1.18), difficulties of education techniques ranged (2.47-2.04), difficulties of t
... Show MoreThis paper provides the result of an investigation to use of crushed clay brick as
aggregates in producing concrete. Eight different crushed clay brick aggregate concretes were
used in this investigation. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and pulse velocity of
crushed clay brick aggregates concrete were determined and compare to natural aggregate
concrete. The compressive strength of crushed clay brick aggregates concretes were always
lower than the compressive strength of natural aggregates concrete regardless the age of
concrete, but the crushed clay brick aggregates concrete showed better performance as the age of
concrete increases and average reduction in compressive strength were 33.5% at the age
Experts have given much attention on the use of waste in asphalt paving because of its significance from a sustainability perspective. This paper evaluated the performance properties of asphalt concrete mixes modified with Crumb Rubber (CR) as a partial replacement for two grade sizes of fine aggregate (2.36, and 0.3 mm) at six replacement rates: 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% by weight. Asphalt concrete mixes were prepared at their Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) and then tested for their engineering properties. Marshall properties, fatigue, rutting, ideal CT index test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were deployed to examine the crystalline structure and elemental composition of the C
... Show MoreThe outstanding evidence of phthalimide pharmacophore in securing enhanced biological activities had encouraged further research and development into phthalimide-based derivatives as potential new drugs. In this study, phthalimide core was hybridized with aldehydes giving integrated imines displaying different types of functionalities and at alternating positions. The resulting compounds, therefore, provide an innovative window to explore possible differential biological effects as antioxidants and anticancer agents. A total of sixteen compounds were synthesized, and each was verified by FT-IR, H NMR, C NMR, and MS characterization. Herein, a facile single-step synthesis method was employed substituting the conventional two-step che
... Show MoreBriefly the term of cyber security is a bunch of operations and procedures working on insurance and protecting the network, computer devices, the programs and data from attack and from damaging penetration, also from breaking, abstraction and disturbing in spite of the fact that the concept of cyber conflict is got widening. So, the needs arise in the state to secure cyberspace and protect it by several methods to confront the electronic intrusions and threats which is known as cyber security. Countries seek to preserve its national security in particular the United States of America after the events of September 11 ,2001. In addition, the United States follow all ways to take over cyber threats.
Numerous blood biomarkers are altered in COVID-19 patients; however, no early biochemical markers are currently being used in clinical practice to predict COVID-19 severity. COVID-19, the most recent pandemic, is caused by the SRS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The study was aimed to identify patient groups with a high and low risk of developing COVID-19 using a cluster analysis of several biomarkers. 137 women with confirmed SARS CoV-2 RNA testing were collected and analyzed for biochemical profiles. Two-dimensional automated hierarchy clustering of all biomarkers was applied, and patients were sorted into classes. Biochemistry marker variations (Ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase LDH, D-dimer, and C- reactive protein CRP) have split COVID-19 patien
... Show MoreA simple ,accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed the determination of Cobalt(II) and Cupper (II) .The method is based on the chelation of Co(II) and Cu(II) ions with 4-(4´-pyrazolon azo) -2-Naphthol(APAN) in aqueous medium . The complexes have a maximum absorption at (513) and (506) nm and ? max 0.531×10 4 and 0.12×10 5 L.mol -1.cm -1 for Co(II) and Cu(II) respectively .The reagent and two complexes have been prepared in ethanolic solution.The stoichiometry of both complexes were found to be 1:2 (metal :legend) .The effects of various cations and anions on Co(II) and Cu(II) determination have been investigated .The stability constants and standard deviations for Co(II) and Cu(II) 0.291 x107 ,0.909X108 L.mol
... Show MoreThe body has the ability to effect the audience in the the theatrical show , since he or she is transmitter , sender , seen and viewer of the humanitarian discourse as well the the images and connotations of the theatrical show, it is a tool of communication that substitutes for millions of spoken words, the modern schools of direction focused on the body language of the actor and gave it prominence in depicting facts by different connotations. The researcher studies the physical performance of the actor throughout focusing on the connotational dimensions of the body within the theatrical show , as well as the positioning of performative body within the modern schools of direction depending on the theatrical show (Rebuke ) of the Iraqi d
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