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Environmental microcystin targets the microbiome and increases the risk of intestinal inflammatory pathology via NOX2 in underlying murine model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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Abstract<p>With increased climate change pressures likely to influence harmful algal blooms, exposure to microcystin, a known hepatotoxin and a byproduct of cyanobacterial blooms can be a risk factor for NAFLD associated comorbidities. Using both <italic>in vivo</italic> and <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments we show that microcystin exposure in NAFLD mice cause rapid alteration of gut microbiome, rise in bacterial genus known for mediating gut inflammation and lactate production. Changes in the microbiome were strongly associated with inflammatory pathology in the intestine, gut leaching, tight junction protein alterations and increased oxidative tyrosyl radicals. Increased lactate producing bacteria from the altered microbiome was associated with increased NOX-2, an NADPH oxidase isoform. Activationof NOX2 caused inflammasome activation as shown by NLRP3/ASCII and NLRP3/Casp-1 colocalizations in these cells while use of mice lacking a crucial NOX2 component attenuated inflammatory pathology and redox changes. Mechanistically, NOX2 mediated peroxynitrite species were primary to inflammasome activation and release of inflammatory mediators. Thus, in conclusion, microcystin exposure in NAFLD could significantly alter intestinal pathology especially by the effects on microbiome and resultant redox status thus advancing our understanding of the co-existence of NAFLD-linked inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes in the clinic.</p>
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Tennessee Williams: Memories as symbols in The Glass Menagerie
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The Glass Manegerie is a metaphor, which is one of the greatest plays  of great writer Williams. The play talks about  the poor people in society and how try to escape this group of people from the real world to get rid of the hardness of this tuff reality and live in a fantasy world that is much like the glass where the world is very weak this world is acting by Laura, she is  owner of these animals breakable glass where it's weak and unable to defend itself as well as the mother Amanda  is a very selfish never think about her children but only herself.

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Volumetric Mass Transfer Capacity Coefficient in the RTL Extractor
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role physical service factors in achieving customer satisfaction
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The development in the presentation and presentation of the service in order to distinguish them from the same, was one of the most important reasons to choose the current issue to upgrade the level of service, especially in the Iraqi restaurant sector, which has become today of the important sectors successful. The problem of research was to try to answer a range of questions: to what extent are Iraqi restaurants interested in physical service factors? Do Iraqi restaurants apply physical factors in a way that leads to customer satisfaction? Are Iraqi restaurants interested in the satisfaction of their customers? The objective of the current research is to try to determine the extent to which the

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Man's Dilemma in Harold Pinter's Play The Birthday Party
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     Harold Pinter often portrays the dilemma of obliterated figures that are incapable of feeling of their own existences. These figures feel exhausted and frustrated in a world that deprives them their humanity. They retreat into a limited world where they look for security and protection. The characters' feeling of security is threatened by outside forces represented by intruding persons who stand for the mysterious powers that are indefinable. The conflict between these intruders and the characters finally ends with the characters’ defeat. The reason for the intruders' attack on the victims remains ambiguous and is not explained. The element of mystery pervades Pinter's plays and represents one of

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Quantitative Analysis for Road networks in Karbala Governorate
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The road networks is considered to be one of the determinants that controls to specify the areas of human activities, which it depend on to specify the arrival cost , in addition it is useful to achieve the connectivity for interaction and human activities , and shorten the distance and time between the population and places of service. The density of the road network in any space directly affected by the density of population and the type of economic activities and administrative functions performed by the space. On this basis, the subject of this study is reflected in the quantitative analysis of the roads network in the Governorate of Karbala. The study consists the quantitative analysis for the roads network and the Urban Nodes in th

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 16 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies And Researches Of Sport Education
The most important obstacles facing girls’ clubs in Iraq
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SummaryThe most important obstacles facing girls’ clubs in IraqLamia Hassan Al-Diwan - Fatima Abdel Maleh - Nahida Hamed Thank youResearch SummaryIn the introduction and the importance of the research: We talked about women entering endurance events and relying on the principle of more training will achieve better results in the future. Based on the concepts that call for the equality of men with women in all aspects of sporting and competitive activity and as a result of the decline in women’s participation in sports clubs that include men, we came to The idea of ​​establishing clubs for Iraqi girls in 1992, with a club in every governorate, and the Iraqi National Olympic Committee adopted this idea, the goal of which is to develop

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Instigation in the Iraqi theatrical discourse: حسين رضا حسين
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The first chapter included the frame approach on research in which we discuss instigation in Iraqi drama as it as an active sign to enrich the structure of the speech so the researcher limits the problem of his research which is to follow the important of instigation in the Iraqi theatrical discourse. this chapter also contains the important of the research and its aim and limits. And reflected the importance of research in approaching the concept of instigation and effectiveness within the paths of the Iraqi, theatrical discourse.The 2nd chapter included the two sections and reviewed in the first section manifestations of incitement in the global theatrical discourse. the 2rd studied instigation in the Arab theatrical discourse. The 3rd

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2008
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Enforcing Wiener Filter in the Iterative Blind Restoration Algorithm
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A new blind restoration algorithm is presented and shows high quality restoration. This
is done by enforcing Wiener filtering approach in the Fourier domains of the image and the
psf environments

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 06 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Tribal Power in Contemporary Iraq: A Sociological Analysis
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This is an empirical investigation of the tribal power in Iraq and its consequences on the socio-political system. A theoretical background concerning thestate kinship, tribe and tribal involvement in politics has been displayed with example of tribal power over people within the social context. Socio-anthropological method of data collection has been used, including a semi-structured interview with a sample of 120 correspondents. The outcome revealed that the feeble and corrupted state (government) play a vital role in encouraging the tribe to be dominant. The people of Iraq are clinging to the tribe regardless of whether they believe in it or not. Although they are aware that the tribe is a pre-state organisation and marred shape of ci

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Time paradox in the Iraqi feminist novel (2003 – 2013)
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This paper deals with novels for group of Iraqi Women novelists published in the time period 2003 – 2013, and the functioning of temporal anomalies in the Iraqi Women's narrative.
In general, the novel contains structural elements such as: the characters, events and the places, these elements must be collected by an artist creating a complete work of fiction. However the time dominates the other elements through progression and regaining called Time paradox, it has a modern critical importance because of its impact in highlighting of political, social and cultural events that make up the fictional environment which cast a shadow over other techniques. And that it is clear in the course of the narrative.

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