The historical center cities were exposed to change, which included its social and economical structures, Which led to sweeping changes in land use, causing a change in the result, in urban fabric and the physical structure and therefore to see visual. We have attracted these centers as a result of pressure from urban development and contemporary reflection of the agents of change which have been hit during the late period a development residential newly not sympathize mostly with the content of the historical and at the expense of removing large parts of the urban fabric and replace it with patterns of structural and styles of architecture has not been connected with reality. Which led to the loss of some historical and architec

The article aims to study the crisis of political change  from three Phases . The first focuses on the crises of political legitimacy and democratic postponement, as fundamental issues in analyzing the phenomenon of power struggle through the dialectic between the concept of historical legitimacy and institutional fragility from the beginning of statehood in 1962 to the stage of multi-partyism and the cessation of the electoral process in the 1990s. While the second focuses on the question of the monopoly of power in the post-terrorism and national reconciliation according to considerations  Political, social and security measures to prolong the life of the regime and avoid the demands of political change brought about

The present study addressed "Performance Appraisal of Human Resource Management and Its Effect on Achieving the Organizational Success", for the topics of performance appraisal of human resource management and the organizational success gained an increasing interest being relatively important and modern topics which had a great effect on the future of organizations.

The study aimed at revealing the pattern of appraising the performance of human resource management for the study sample, and whether it was qualified to lead the ministry towards the organizational success, for this purpose two main hypotheses were formulated: 1) there is a positive significant correlation between both variables: performanc

This study aimed to identify the role of school administration in achieving educational and learning goals from the point of view of educational supervisors in the stage of basic education. The descriptive method was adopted. As for the sample size, it has reached (59) educational supervisors. A questionnaire consisting of 29 paragraphs divided into four areas was used. The data were statistically analyzed on the Chi-square test, the percentage, and the mono-variance analysis. The result showed that the school administration contributes to achieving educational goals. It also works to solve problems in democratic ways, and in modern methods, there are differences in the criteria for choosing the headmaster. The study recommended that sch

The study aims to know the nature of the expected relationship between market share management strategies and the variation in the performance of the shares of a number of Iraqi industrial companies listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange. For the period (2005-2018) in the light of both the monthly closing prices and sales volume during the research period, the (Panel Data) method was relied on through a stylistic test (fixed effects model and random effects model), and the results determined the need to adopt the fixed effects model method for sample data and test Assumptions, the results showed the positive impact of market share according to its strategies on the performance of stocks according to its studied indicators (Treynor index

The ability of insurance companies to achieve goals depends on their ability to meet customers' requirements, and this requires them to identify target markets and respond to needs and wishes of the markets, the skill is to convince the company to operate what is in the interest of the customer if he is convinced the customer service provided to him, he would repeat to deal with, and where the cost of maintaining existing customers is less than the cost of attracting new customers, the insurance companies that is working hard to maintain their customers, the more customer satisfaction with the services provided has increased loyalty and weakened the ability of competitors lured.

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The current study was conducted on irrigational project called (Beat Zwena River), located in Jadedat- alshat, within the province of Dyala, which is divided from the right side of the Tigris River, the project significant environmental importance was passed in several agricultural areas estimated about 1600 acres, and it is also used for the purposes of irrigation and drinking. One of the major drawback for the current study is the almost lack data about the physiochemical parameter, in addition to measure (chlorophyll a and phyophtin of the River under investigation, in five locations for the period of October 2013 until June 2014. The range of studied properties was: 10.83 -38.75°C and 9.17 -28.5°C for air and water temperature,

The study aims to build a model that revolves around the main question of the role of strategic agility (SA) in enhancing organizational excellence (OE). For the purpose of achieving OE and to determine the extent of interest and knowledge of managers at the Midwest Refineries Company (MRC) on the theoretical and practical implications, and on the performance foundations of these two vital variables with the aim of continuous improvement. A questionnaire was used and distributed to a random sample of 54 managers in this important energy production company. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach to answer the questions raised. The study model and dimensions were built according to reference models, most notably the mo

he study aims to build a model that revolves around the main question of the role of strategic agility (SA) in enhancing organizational excellence (OE). For the purpose of achieving OE and to determine the extent of interest and knowledge of managers at the Midwest Refineries Company (MRC) on the theoretical and practical implications, and on the performance foundations of these two vital variables with the aim of continuous improvement. A questionnaire was used and distributed to a random sample of 54 managers in this important energy production company. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach to answer the questions raised. The study model and dimensions were built according to reference models, most notably the models (Al-

Negotiation is considered as one of the most important kinds of communication in the contemporary organizations, which depend on the important role of managerial information systems in providing necessary and suitable information for success of the negotiation process.

Accordingly, this study aims at measuring the extent of the variables effect of managerial information system in the negotiation process.

To achieve this study, two hypotheses were chosen; the first is the correlation relation and the second is the effect, and statistical means represented by correlation coefficient "Spearman" and (R²) were used.

 A Number of conclusions were