Background: Determine how do obesity and type2 diabetes intertwined? and what it takes to turn an obese person into a person with diabetes. That link may help to understand why some obese people never develop diabetes while many others do. Serum sugar level was used as indicator of insulin level; leptin level was used as indicator of leptin resistance.
A total of 50 obese subjects were involved in this study, 25 obese subject (BMI >30) had diabetes mellitus type 2(no insulin dependant), selected from Baghdad teaching Hospital in Baghdad /Iraq. The remaining 25 obese (BMI >30) were normal healthy individuals.
Patients and Methods: ELSA technique was used for the measurement of serum leptin. Blood

background: osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that affects women more than men, it is characterized by generalizes reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) leaving a fragile weak bone that is liable to fracture, gonial angle index (GAI) is one of the radio-morphometric indices, it has been controversial whether it is related to bone mineral density or ageing or none of them. The aim of study is to evaluate the role of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a screening tool for diagnosis of osteoporosis and age effect in females using gonial angle index. Material and method: 60 females were divided into 3 groups according to age and (BMD) status into: Group1 (non-osteoporosis 20-30 years), Group2 (non-osteoporosis 50years and above),

Obesity is an escalating health problem in developing countries. One to ten children worldwide are overweight in a report showed by the International Obesity Task Force. Ghrelin, orexigenic peptide, has 28 amino acids, it is considered the greatest remarkable promotion in the last two decades for understanding the physiological changes of action regu­lating food intake and hunger. Obestatin is a 23-amino acid peptide nearly connected to ghrelin that secures from substitutio

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the primary metabolic disorder associated with obesity. Obesity is a growing worldwide health problem affecting both adults and children. Objectives: To determine the association between leptin and IR, and to identify the ratio of fasting glucose/leptin (G/L) and insulin/leptin (I/L) as a new simple method for the detection of IR in obese children.Methods: This study was done in the National DiabeticCenter/ AL-Mustansiriya University during the period fromMay 2013 until the end of October 2013. Fasting bloodglucose (FBG), serum insulin, leptin, and lipid profile weremeasured in 52 obese children (24 children with IR and 28without IR); their age range was (5-15) years, they werecompared with 38 healt

Back ground: The epidemic of obesity is a major health problem in the developed world with a great influence on morbidity and mortality.
The aim of study: to evaluate serum ghrelin levels achieved through LSG and on insulin resistance and the serial changes of insulin concentration in obese patients following gastric sleeve.
Patients and methods: twenty four patients underwent LSG with 25 controls were selected. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, QUICKI and ghrelin hormone concentrations were measured for controls and patients prior LSG, then one month and three months post-surgery.
Results: A significant decline was noticed in

Background: The acute phase response is a major pathophysiologic phenomena that accompanies inflammation whether acute or chronic. The complements 3 (C3), complement4
(C4) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are positive acute phase proteins (+ve APPs) their production is increased by hepatocyte in osteoarthritis (OA). Chloroquine (CQ) which is a diprotic weak base traditionally used to treat malaria.Todate, the phosphate salt of CQ is used to decrease +ve APPs.
Objective: To evaluate the role of chloroquine phosphate on acute phase proteins C3, C4 and Creactive protein in patients with knee OA.
Subjects and methods :A total of seventy four patients (45 female and 29male) were selected randomly from the outpati

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine illnesses affecting reproductive - age women. L-carnitine has important roles in oxidative stress, energy production and glucose metabolism. It affects insulin resistance as decreased plasma carnitine level has been well reported in type II diabetes mellitus. Hence, it means L-carnitine may reduce insulin resistance which is found in PCO disease.

Objective: This study aims to measure the level of L-carnitine and insulin resistance in both obese and non- obese patients with PCOS.

Patients and Methods: Sixty women within the reproductive age with PCOS (30 obese and 30 non- obese) were recruited

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine illnesses affecting reproductive - age women. L-carnitine has important roles in oxidative stress, energy production and glucose metabolism. It affects insulin resistance as decreased plasma carnitine level has been well reported in type II diabetes mellitus. Hence, it means L-carnitine may reduce insulin resistance which is found in PCO disease. Objective: This study aims to measure the level of L-carnitine and insulin resistance in both obese and non- obese patients with PCOS. Patients and Methods: Sixty women within the reproductive age with PCOS (30 obese and 30 non- obese) were recruited from the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic in Baghdad T

Background : Obesity and insulin resistance have been quite well recognized as fundamental and leading causes of major health issues such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Abdominal obesity, particularly visceral adiposity is considered to play a major role in causing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus , T2DM
The resistin is considered one of the causes of insulin resistance which lead to hyperinsulinemia and a decrease in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (Quicki)
which has been recently reported to be a useful marker of insulin resistance in patients with T2DM.
Objective : The aim of the present study is to find the relationship between