Objective: In this work we design and evaluate a bidirectional pneumatic soft actuator made from silicone rubber (RTV2 C10) for the use in prosthetic hand. The actuator aimed to enhance flexibility and provide motion in two directions that mimic the actions of the human fingers. Materials and Methods: Two parallel air chambers are used in the actuator design where each chamber is divided into smaller internal cavities. These chambers are linked through a narrow connecting channel. The fabrication process relied on a molding technique based on 3D printed molds. Three separate mold components were designed and printed to allow accurate casting of silicone rubber into the desired shape. The completed actuators were then tested using an experimental setup. Results: We evaluate the performance of the developed actuators by measuring the maximum bending angle and output force under various air pressures. Three air-chamber dimensions (3.5 mm, 4.5 mm, and 5.5 mm) were tested to compare the actuator’s response. We noticed that the 5.5 mm chamber produced the largest bending angle whereas the 3.5 mm chamber showed the smallest. On the other hand, force analysis revealed that the actuator with 3.5 mm spacing generated the highest output force at an air pressure of 102 kPa and the 5.5 mm model returned the lowest under the same conditions. Discussion: The findings suggest that increasing the distance between air chambers enhances bending and overall flexibility where it indicates that shorter chamber spacing raises greater force. Conclusion: The developed actuator demonstrates promising properties for use in prosthetic hand designs. The bending range and force output enable the actuator for producing human-like finger motion that used in assistive robotic applications.
Basrah is the richest town and the economic capital of Iraq. It suffers from lack of drinking water. This project is a dream to supply drinking water to Basrah citizens within WHO standards. Water should pass sedimentation and filtration stages before interring reverse osmosis unit. The design is carried out using lewaplus2 software. Several parameters should be selected in the design step membrane type, number of stages, number per element in each stage, and the recovery percentage. An optimization is carried out using Minitab ver. 18 for the acceptable limit of TDS and minimum cost and it was found that the optimum conditions were 52% for first stage, the numbers of vessels are 20 for both the first and second stage. In addition,
... Show MoreIn our world, technological development has become inherent in all walks of life and is characterized by its speed in performance and uses. This development required the emergence of new technologies that represent a future revolution for a fourth industrial revolution in various fields, which contributed to finding many alternatives and innovative technical solutions that shortened time and space in terms of making Machines are smarter, more accurate, and faster in accomplishing the tasks intended for them, and we find the emergence of what is called artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence), which is the technology of the future, which is one of the most important outputs of the fourth industrial revolution, and artificial inte
... Show MoreThis paper presents a control system to make the robotic hand mimic human hand motion in real time and offline mode. The human hand tracking system is a wearable sensing arm (potentiometers) used to determine the position in space and to sense the grasping task of human hand. The maskable sensing arm was designed with same geometrical arrangement of robotic hand that needs to be controlled. The control software of a robot was implemented using Visual Basic and supported with graphical user interface (GUI). The control algorithm depends on joint to joint mapping method to match between the motions at each joint of portable sensing arm with corresponding joint of a robot in order to make the robot mimic the motion.
This research describes the design & implementation of frequency synthesizer using single loop Phase lock loop with the following specifications: Frequency range (1.5 – 2.75) GHz,Step size (1 MHz), Switching time 36.4 µs, & phase noise @10 kHz = -92dBc & spurious -100 dBc
The development in I.C. technology provide the simplicity in the design of frequency synthesizer because it implements the phase frequency detector(PFD) , prescalar & reference divider in single chip. Therefore our system consists of a single chip contains (low phase noise PFD, charge pump, prescalar & reference divider), voltage controlled oscillator , loop filter & reference oscillator. The single chip
... Show MoreThe curriculum is considered one of the most important corners for the educational process, it participates in achieving the educational equilibrium between its elements.
The curriculum of (History of the Art) in the college of Art Education / dept. of plastic art education and ceramic as the other curriculums and due to the subject of history of the art develop the knowledge, taste and experiment for art studier also this subject has a direct relation with practical educational activities like colors and growth the knowledge of the student in field of contents and symbols and evidences of meaning in old , medium and contemporary arts, due to the fact that this curriculum has been applied since long time more than four years, and
... Show MoreThe field of structural optimization (optimal design) has grown rapidly over the past decades with many different optimization methods that could be used to produce a structure of minimum weight. This research deals with two aspects, in the first, a general numerical technique based on the finite element analysis and it suggests to investigate the preliminary behavior of metal stiffened plate under action of static load environment. The technique was included a finite element model of the structures using high- order isoparimetric plate elements to be used to create a certain models to obtain their optimum design. The models are characterized such that, each model is builded using different types of stiffener configuration. The second as
... Show MoreThe significant shift in the Fine Arts, who led the avant-garde movements and creative which appeared in the modern, specifically in the mid-nineteenth century and early twentieth century era path, embodied in a clear show of new aesthetic value rejects traditional methods put in shape and color qualities She described the movements subjectivity or no formal, was intended to determine the direct function of expression and speech language in the visual arts away from the representation and simulation of reality was accompanied by the appearance of those fine movements directed towards a global approach to design carries features and clear in its organizations formalism of the most important move away from the symmetry and the adoption of
... Show MoreSchiff base ligand (H2CANPT) was prepared by two steps: first, by the condensation of curcumin with 4-amino antipyrin produces4,4'-(((1E,3Z,5Z,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-diylidene)bis(azanylylidene))bis(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl- 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one) (CANP). Second, by the condensation of (CANP) with L-tyrosine produces2,2'-(((3Z,3'Z)-(((1E,3Z,5Z,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta 1,6-diene-3,5-diylidene)bis(azanylylidene))bis(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3-H-pyrazole- 4-yl-3-ylidene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid) (H2CANPT). The resulted Schiff comported as hexadentate coordinated with (N4O2) atoms, then it was treated with some transition and non-transaction met
... Show Morethe political changeable is important reflection in areas of life and the designers tried to high light it in the cover of Journal promised time Journal a fertile square to show reflection of political changeable, and triad to search the current path. The first chapter organized according to axes, problem of research formulated according to question:- what are reflections of political changeable in magazine cover?
The importance of research depth of specialized approach on level of technical and stylistic as ago al ago as in: the baring of political changeable in design of journal's cover. The research moves in cognitive border from 2013 to 2017 and selection of t
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