The main risks arising from the WTO Agreement are the inequality and lack of competitiveness of most pharmaceutical goods, as well as the fact that Iraq is a net importer of medicines that are at the core of consumer needs, The subject matter of the Convention on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry, in particular, coinciding with the situation of financial and administrative corruption, all of which has resulted in drug fraud in the Iraqi market and its impact on public health. The control of medical technology, the persistence of the technological gap and its effects on high price levels, and the fact that domestic drug producers are obliged to obtain production licenses from global companies in the light of limited access to pharmaceutical research and development. The research aims at the impact of economic liberalization within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its negative effects on consumers by highlighting the economic and social effects on consumption by raising prices and monopolies and restricting the volume of consumer demand because of the loss of the competitive advantage of pharmaceutical goods. Iraq's unwillingness to accede to the International Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the deterioration of the pharmaceutical industry meant increased dependence on the outside, increased trade deficits, higher price levels, and its adverse effects on consumers. Iraq finds it difficult for developed countries to use their intellectual rights as well as restrict industrial and agricultural work because production and production methods are now subject to their intellectual property protection law, which prevents any possible industrial development. The most significant potential short-term impact of TRIPS is the decline in drug production, which continues to be protected. The great challenge for drug producers is the need to
This study aims to identify the forgiveness level among gifted students and its relation to the self-awareness. The study sample consisted of (207) students were randomly chosen, they are integrated in secondary schools in Abha / Saudi Arabia. The correlative, analytical descriptive method was adopted. Two scales were adopted by the researcher: The forgiveness scale prepared by Rye et al (2001) which translated to Arabic by Al-Mahasneh (2017) and the self-awareness scale which prepared by Al-Ghezwani (2017). The study results indicated the following: the forgiveness level among the talented students was high, the self-awareness level among talented students was high, and there is a positive statistically significant relationship
... Show MoreThe research aims at Identifying family dialogue of kindergarten’s parents. 2) Exploring the fears that kindergarteners suffer from. 3) Identifying family dialogue of kindergarteners’ parents and the fears of their children. To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher designed two scales: one for the family dialogue of kindergarteners’ parents, and the other for the fears of the kindergarten’s child. To identify the relationship between these two elements, the scale subjected to the consultation of a group of specialized expertise in educational and psychological sciences to certify the propriety of the items. The reliability of the scale of the family dialogue recorded (0.85). As for the scale of children’
... Show MoreThe study aims to identify the cognitive bias and the level of emotional thinking among university students, besides, identifying the significant differences between male and female students regarding those two variables, and determine if there is a correlation between cognitive bias and emotional thinking. To this end, two scales were adopted to collect needed data: cognitive bias scale designed by (Al-any, 2015), composed of (14) items, and emotional thinking scale designed by (Abdu Allah, 2017), consisted of (27) items. These two scales were administered to (140) students composed the study sample. They were chosen from four different colleges at Al-mustansiriyah University for the academic year (2017-1018). The findings revealed that
... Show MoreThe aim of the current research is to identify the self-control of kindergarten teachers as well as to identify the significance of the differences according to a variable (years of service, academic achievement, specialization). Its final paragraphs consist of (35) paragraphs, and its psychometric properties were verified and the tool was applied to a sample of (400) teachers chosen randomly from kindergarten teachers affiliated to the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad, Rusafa, and Karkh for the academic year 2019-2020
In light of the objectives of the current research, the following results were reached
- The current research sample is from kindergarten teachers with self-contro
- There are diffe
The research aim at identifying the time of motor response to auditory and visual stimuli as well as identifying the accuracy of blocking and finding the relationship between motor repose time and blocking accuracy. The community was (7) primer soccer league of 2019 – 2020 and the subjects were (24) volleyball players from Al Jaish and Al Shorta clubs ten players from Al Shorta club performed the pilot study. The researchers used the descriptive method and the data was collected and treated using SPSS. The results showed a significant relationship between response time and blocking accuracy. The researchers recommended concentrating on applying scientific principles for developing time of motor response in a manner suitable for bl
... Show MoreThe problem of the damage caused by terrorist acts has raised many difficulties in many countries, including Iraq, which requires the existence of a law that sets out sufficient rules for compensating the victims of terrorist acts, in order to compensate them for the harm they have not suffered. It may be difficult or impossible for them to identify causing damage, and therefore unable to obtain compensation by applying the traditional rules of liability that require proof of fault and identify the culprit. The security funds come as an appropriate alternative that pays compensation in such cases for victims to reparation for the damage they suffered. Therefore, this problem remains one of the most problems that Iraq suffers from it, which
... Show MoreThis study reports the fabrication of tin oxide (SnO2) thin films using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The effect of 60Co (300, 900, and 1200 Gy) gamma radiation on the structural, morphological, and optical features is systematically demonstrated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible light analysis (UV-Vis), respectively In XRD tests, the size of the crystallites decreased from 45.5 to 40.8 nm for the control samples and from 1200 Gy to 60Co for the irradiated samples. Using FESEM analysis, the particle diameter revealed a similar trend to that attained using XRD; in particular, the average diameters were 93.8 and
... Show MoreRadioactive elements were identified in samples of imported coffee consumed in the province of Basra using gamma spectrometry SAM940TM. It is a scintillation detector of NaI(Tl) crystal and the dimensions of 2×2 inch. We have identified specific concentration As(Bq/kg) and annual effective dose D(Sv/y) for radioactive elements (_^40)K, (_^131)I, (_^134)Cs and (_^137)Cs. The estimated average effective dose for adults from coffee samples were found to be 0.037mSv/y, 88.434nSv/y, 46.909nSv/y, 27.212nSv/y for ((_^40)K,(_^131)I,(_^134)Cs,(_^137)Cs) respectively. The present results of the study revealed that the radioactivity was relatively low in the coffee and within the permissiblelimit.
This study aimed at identifying the counseling needs for classroom teachers specialization in
Jerash university. The sample of the study consisted (112) students. To achieve this goal a
scale with (39) items was built by the researcher, this scale has four domains they are as
follows; family, social, psychological and academic domain. The results of this study showed
that counseling needs obtain the heighest average. As well as, the results of the study revealed
that there were statistical differences in favor of gender and teaching year variable. Finally the
study stated a list of recommendations.
The: currency Auction is one of the monetary policy tools created after 2003, in order to keep pace with the changes that the monetary and financial policies will witness from financial openness and expectations of high levels of liquidity after international economic restrictions. It is necessary to re-evaluate the work of the currency Auction from time to time and observation its efficiency in adjustment the exchange rate And its reflection on the general level of prices as one of the objectives of its inception, and during the analytical aspect, it was confirmed that the currency Auction for selling the currency had a major role in adjustment the exchange rate and controlling inflation levels, due to the market’s dependence
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