Background: Globally, hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases. Estimates indicate that at least 2 billion people have been infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), with more than 378 million people being chronic carriers. Those individuals at higher risk for acquiring HBV and transmitting disease like pregnant women should be screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to prevent transmission by vaccination and operation. Aim of study: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBsAg and its associated parameters in pregnant women who referred to antenatal clinic in Baghdad Province. Methods: The 234 apparently healthy pregnant women and their families, husbands and children were selected as study subjects from among those who had attained prenatal care clinic in Baghdad province between 2010 to 2012. Serological test was done for HBV using ELISA test (Dialab REF:Z00360,LOT2052-2). Results: Of these, 234 cases were brought into the study. Their age were ranged from 16-42 years old. Based on a different parameters , women positive for HBV and their children were negative constitute the highest percentage 85.4% and lowest one was pregnant women who lived with positive family history of HBV were 8.9%. Conclusions: The seroprevalence of HBsAg was of moderate severity according to WHO. This finding would suggest for the introduction of routine screening for HBV to all pregnant women during the antenatal period, and that “at birth dose” vaccination is given to new born babies of mothers found to be HBsAg positive so as to reduce and prevent the spread of infection. However more data is required from larger studies to support the findings so that ultimately this can be recommended as a policy.
Back ground : Fever is a common medical problem in children. parents have been shown unrealistic fears of harmful effects of fever in their children. Resulting in inappropriate management of fever in their children. Objective: the objective of this study was to survey parents about their knowledge andattitude concerning fever in their children. Methods : The study involved random selection of parents who brought their febrile children to emergency department or out-patient clinics of five teaching and non teaching hospitals in Baghdad from first of October to end of December 2002. Parents of 400 febrile children were interviewed using a standard questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic information and current knowledge of fever. Results: Ap
... Show MoreAbstract: Consumer protection in electronic contracts is of great importance in Iraqi law, as there are detailed legislations that enhance consumer rights and provide mechanisms for compensation when necessary. In Iraq, the Consumer Protection Law of 2010 regulates these rights and ensures the availability of sufficient and clear information to consumers.
There Are Many Communities Suffering Of Unemployment Due To Has Great Social And Economic Impact, As Well As The Psychological Effects Devastating And Serious And That May Threaten States With Collapse And Leading Human Displacement And Loss And Crime, And Often Derive Unemployed People To Practice Bad Habits Such As Gambling, Alcohol And Drug Abuse To Escape From Their Reality To Their Concerns And Problems.
It Should Be Noted, That The Largest Percentage Of Unemployment In Developing Societies Represented By The Educated Class Of University Graduates, And This Is Something Painful.
The Unemployed Know That (Each Capable Of Working And Who Want To Look For And Accept Prevailing Bricks) Is Th
... Show MoreLabor movement is considered important in Britain because it is an international phenomenon of the feudal system and one of the flowerings of the era of the capitalist machine. At the beginning of the 18th century, the world witnessed a change and progress in many aspects of the industrial fields such as the different means of production .this era is called the industrial revolution which especially appeared in Britain and extended to other areas of the world .it leads to many changes in Europe and participated in different economic, political and cultural and social fields. and it has a very important role in progress and development but its disadvantage is that it is exploited by the capitalists to achieve their special rights .in othe
... Show MoreIn this paper we investigate the automatic recognition of emotion in text. We propose a new method for emotion recognition based on the PPM (PPM is short for Prediction by Partial Matching) character-based text compression scheme in order to recognize Ekman’s six basic emotions (Anger, Disgust, Fear, Happiness, Sadness, Surprise). Experimental results with three datasets show that the new method is very effective when compared with traditional word-based text classification methods. We have also found that our method works best if the sizes of text in all classes used for training are similar, and that performance significantly improves with increased data.
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This study provides valuable information on secondary microbial infections in H1N1 patients compared to Seasonal Influenza in Iraqi Patients. Nasopharynx swabs were collected from (12 ) patients infected with Seasonal influenza (11 from Baghdad and 1 Patient from south of Iraq) ,and ( 22 ) samples from patients with 2009 H1N1 ( 20 from Baghdad and 2 from south of Iraq). The results show that the patients infected with 2009 H1N1 Virus were younger than healthy subjects and those infected with seasonal influenza. And the difference reached to the level of significance (p< 0.01) compared with healthy subjects.Two cases infected with 2009 H1N1 virus (9.1%) were fro
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This research aims at identifying the nature of addressing the Middle East issues in the talk shows in the foreign channels speaking in Arabic "France 24, a model", and identifying the extent of interest of the channel in addressing middle east issues in the talk shows, the nature of the guests and the hosts, methods of addressing the issues, and the technical features that characterize the presenter of the research sample program. This research is considered an analytical descriptive study. It depends on the analysis of the content of the series of the weekly talk show "a week from the world" on the French channel (France 24) during the period (August 1/July 31 2018).
The most important results indicated that the foreign channels sp
The presence of the most important steroidal sapogenin “Tigogenin†in the leaves of Agave americana cultivated in Iraq was detected. The absence of any study concerning the Tigogenin content of this medicinal plant in Iraq, and the industrial importance of Tigogenin depending on its role as a precursor in the synthesis of some steroidal drugs, acquired this study its value. This search include extraction, isolation, purification and dentification of Tigogenin from the leaves of Agave americana. Extraction of this compound was carried out using two methods. Identification of this compound is carried out by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) where three different mobile phase have been use
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