Background :Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was a widely used marker for skeletal and hepatobiliary disorders, but its activity was also increased in atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease. Several study has showed that ALP activity was increased in the sera of diabetic patients. The current study was conducted to evaluate ALP activity in type 2 diabetic patients and optimum conditions for enzyme activity in their sera.Methods: This study was carried out at in AL-Yarmok hospital(diabetic center) between February /2009 and April /2009. Fifty two patients with type 2 diabetes have been enrolled. Besides BMI, WHR, serum fasting blood glucose, ALP, HbA1C,uric acid and lipid profile levels have been performed .The relationship bet

Background: In type 2 diabetes mellitus there is a progressive loss of beta cell function. One new
approach yielding promising results is the use of the orally active dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)
inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Objective: This study aims at comparing the possible occurrence of macrovascular & microvascular
complications in Iraqis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using two combinations of drugs
metformin + glibenclamide and metformin + sitagliptin.
Methodology: Sixty eight T2DM patients and 34 normal healthy individuals as control group were
enrolled in this study and categorized in to two treatment groups. The group 1 (34 patients ) received
metformin 500 mg three times daily

The present study aimed to look for the differences in the oxidative stress status in sera and saliva samples of type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients with and without proliferative diabetic retinopathy. As well as to look for the possibility whether this status can be measured in saliva as an alternative sample to that of serum, hence to achieve that total oxidant status, total antioxidant status and oxidative stress index were measured in both sera and saliva samples of two groups of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the healthy individuals. Upon the comparison between patients without proliferative diabetic retinopathy and the control sample the results showed presence of a significant increase (p < 0.05) of total oxidant st

    Let R be a commutative ring with identity. A proper ideal I of R is called semimaximal if I is a finite intersection of maximal ideals of R. In this paper we fuzzify this concept to fuzzy ideals of R, where a fuzzy ideal A of R is called semimaximal if A is a finite intersection of fuzzy maximal ideals. Various basic properties are given. Moreover some examples are given to illustrate this concept.

        Let R be a commutative ring with unity. In this paper we introduce the notion of chained fuzzy modules as a generalization of chained modules. We investigate several characterizations and properties of this concept

  Let R be a commutative ring with unity. In this paper we introduce and study fuzzy distributive modules and fuzzy arithmetical rings as generalizations of (ordinary) distributive modules and arithmetical ring. We give some basic properties about these concepts.  

  In this paper we introduce the notion of semiprime fuzzy module as a generalization of semiprime module. We investigate several characterizations and properties of this concept.

     Let R be a commutative ring with unity and an R-submodule N is called semimaximal if and only if

 the sufficient conditions of F-submodules to be semimaximal .Also the concepts of (simple , semisimple) F- submodules and quotient F- modules are  introduced and given some  properties .

Double hydrothermal method was used to prepare nano gamma alumina   using aluminum nitrate nano hydrate and sodium aluminate as an aluminum source, CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) as surfactant, and variable acids: weak acids like; citric, and acitic acids, and strong acids like; hydrochloric and nitric acids as a bridge between aluminum salts and surfactant. Different crystallization times  12, 24, 48, and 72 hrs were applied. All the batches were prepared at pH equals to 9. XRD diffraction technique was used to investigate the crystalline nano gamma alumina pure from surfactant. N₂ adsorption-desorption (BET) was used to measure the surface area and pore volume of the prepared nano alumina, the average p