Water crisis
Iraq
Tigris-Euphrates basin
water security
post-conflict reconstruction
environmental degradation.
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Iraq's water crisis represents one of the most pressing environmental and socioeconomic challenges facing the country today.
This study examines the evolution of water resource problems in Iraq through a comprehensive historical comparison
between the pre-2003 period under Saddam Hussein's regime and the post-2003 era following the U.S.-led invasion and
subsequent political transformation.
The research employs a mixed-method approach, analyzing quantitative data on water flow rates, infrastructure development, and qualitative assessments of policy impacts across both periods.
Key findings reveal that while the pre-2003 period was characterized by deliberate environmental destruction, particularly the draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes, an
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