This research began by explaining its variables and dimensions especially the digital gap, which the authors explained it elaborately beginning with the concept, the reasons blind its emergence of its measurement, and how to treat it. The authors supposed the potentiality of relying on enforcing knowledge in general and the groups suffer from this gap in particular, especially the targeted knowledge to treat its subject.

As enforcing knowledge usually depends on some strategies or choices of organizational orientation among them is learning and training from one side, and communication, as an indicating factor for organizational effectiveness as the authors refer from the other side.

Background. Endodontic infections caused by remaining biofilm following disinfection with chemical fluids encourage secondary bacterial infection; hence, employing laser pulses to activate the fluids is advised to improve microbial biofilm clearance. This study investigated the performance of Er,Cr:YSGG laser in photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) agitation of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to enhance the removal of mature Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms in complex root canal systems. Methods. The mesial roots of the lower first and second molars were separated and inoculated with E. faecalis bacteria for 30 days. The roots were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl, some of them were agitated with passive ultrasonic

The coronavirus-pandemic has a major impact on women's-mental and physical-health. Polycystic-ovary-syndrome (PCOS) has a high-predisposition to many cardiometabolic-risk factors that increase susceptibility to severe complications of COVID-19 and also exhibit an increased likelihood of subfertility. The study includes the extent of the effect of COVID-19-virus on renin-levels, glutathione-s-transferase-activity and other biochemical parameters in PCOS-women. The study included 120 samples of ladies that involved: 80 PCOS-patients, and 40 healthy-ladies. Both main groups were divided into subgroups based on COVID-19 infected or not. Blood-samples were collected from PCOS-patients in Kamal-Al-Samara Hospital, at the period between Decembe

Abstract:
Ibn al-Khatib valuable Mokhtarath poetry as a moral standard that writer
committed to the conscious function of art, and believing that the place
literature is determined standards of literary and alone is a (complete criticism
from a moral stance) was adopted by the evidence of a professional image
analogy and metaphor, and metaphor and the antagonism of the expression
of all ideas put forward is consistent with the internal rhythm arts Bdieip
consistent with the method Bhawwarith and clarity of language structure and
carried Petrakebha multiple form of expressionism. Ghani, who contrast
abstraction and its proximity to the Forum staff readily near the sensory data,
and the religious impact of the

The current study aimed to identify key consumer rights and the nature of the work of organizations and traders in the Algerian market through the opinions of the study sample. To prove the hypotheses the researcher depended on the data obtained by the questionnaire prepared for this purpose. She distributed 384 questionnaires out of which only 300 were returned.
The data were analyzed using several statistical techniques such as the Statistical Package for Social Studies system, in addition to percentages, frequencies, and standard deviation.
And a number of conclusions and recommendations were presented. The most important results are:
- There is a strong correlation between safety and compensation rights.
- There is a st

The social networking sites have become one of the most important promotional instruments for their characteristic of facilitation of communication and the creation of public platform for discussion and formation of new points of view. These sites were used in the political marketing process where politicians use Facebook pages to promote their ideologies and spread their programs for the purpose of an influencing public opinion.
This research deals with the way by which political products are the Iraqi parliament. We adopt the methodology for analyzing the contents of these pages during three months starting from September,12 2016 to March 1, 2017 characterized by a lot of changes and events, in particular the beginning of the war o

This research deals with an important grammatical section of the Qur'anic grammar, which is the working names the work of acts in the Quranic grammar in the studies of Iraqi researchers from 1968 to 200 AD.
    The study of working names working verb in the Koran of the important studies, especially among Iraqi researchers, the Iraqi researcher has presented detailed studies related to working names particles action verb in the Koran, and my research is studying this important grammatical section of the Koranic grammar, which is the working names working verb in The Holy Quran in the books of Iraqi researchers and their theses from 1968-2000. I studied in the preface working names of the act, and what the Iraqi res

During the educational practices in the Spanish department at the Faculty of Languages ​​, University of Baghdad , we noticed that the personal pronouns in effect replaced by the direct and indirect characterized hardly be expressed , and the difficulty of her education.

Rationale: I chose this topic because the personal pronouns differ between the Spanish language and the Arabic language. We believe that this study may be useful not only for language teachers, but also for students, because it can contribute to a greater awareness of and correct weaknesses.

Objectives: To apply the model from which to address the problems in the use of personal pronouns Spanish , and the difference between effect of direct and indire

Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify the Distress Tolerance among the Employees in  Media and Communication in Baghdad.and to identify the significance of the differences between sex ,scientific specialization ,age,and marital status. and the researcher used the Distrees  Tolerance measure for Simon &Gahar 2005.  The sample of the study consisted of(37)Employees.The Scale of Distrees Tolerance were used as the study tools after being checked for their Validity and Reliability. The research results indicated that employees have high scores on the scale of stress tolerance and that there are statistically significant differences between the age groups and between married and unmarried people a

Wadi AL – yabis situated to the north jorden , its extended from Aglon
mountain to the jorden river , the surveying of this valley about 186 KM , and the
highest point in it about 1200 m upon the sea level , the lower point ther under the
sea level . This study lay to appear the historical important and to study the variation
of environment and population which happened in the different periods , in the
beginning the Paleolithic until the later period , and to understand the environment ,
political and economical circumstances , which it can to influenced or limited in
human behavior from choosing , the settlement sits and than ( we could ) knowledge
of living ways and the tools which they used in there living a