تعد التجارب المختبرية من أهم الوسائل التي تمكن من فهم خصائص المواد الكيميائية وسلوكها، كما إنها الوسيلة الوحيدة لتحضير المركبات الكيميائية المختلفة. وقد أدى تطور التكنولوجيا في الوقت الحاضر إلى إستخدام أدوات وأجهزة قياس في المختبر مكنت من زيادة دقة نتائج التجارب وسرعة الحصول عليها. أن تفعيل المختبر وإجراء الأنشطة العملية يمكن أن تحقق عدة أمور منها : 1- تُنمي في الطالب مهارات التفكير العلمي ( الملاحظة ، وتحديد المشكلة، وفرض الفروض، وإختبار الفروض، وإختيار الفرض الصحيح ، الإستنتاج والتعميم ) 2- تنمية القدرة على حل المشكلات والتفكير الإبداعي . 3- تمكن الطالب من تكوين المفاهيم بدلاً من المعرفة المجردة . 4- تساعد الطالب على تكوين الميول والإتجاهات العلمية ونوع الإختصاص في المستقبل . 5- تساعد على ترسيخ المعلومة وبقاء أثر التعلم فترة أطول . 6- تكسب الطالب طرق التعامل مع الأدوات المختبرية والمواد الكيميائية والتعرف على مخاطرها عن قرب وفهم قوانين وقواعد السلامة في المختبر وتطبيقها والمحافظة على سيرالعمل والآلات والأجهزة الموجودة في المختبر. 7- بث روح التعاون بين الطلاب بين المجاميع المختبرية . ويغطي هذا الكتاب مما يحويه من المعلومات الضرورية الوافية لمساقين في الكيمياء اللاعضوية وخاصة في التعرف على الجدول الدوري للعناصر وكل مايحتاجه الطالب في الالمام بالمعلومات التي تفيده من خلال التعرف على المختبرات العملية والتي تخص المرحلة الثانية . ويتميز هذا الكتاب بشموله بالتجارب العملية لثلاثين تجربة والتي تخص حول مركبات عناصر في الجدول الدوري. ويعتبر هذا الكتاب كمدخل في توضيح العلاقة بين المنهج النظري والمنهج العملي بشكل مترابط المفاهيم من خلال تعرف الطالب على التجارب العملية لما لها من مجالات تطبيقية في بيئته. وإشتمل الكتاب على عشرة فصول : الفصل الأول: توجيهات مختبرية وتعليمات عامة - نموذج كتابة التقريرعن التجربة - التعرف على الأدوات والأجهزة المستخدمة في مختبر الكيمياء ، توضيح الطريقة الصحيحة للتعامل مع الأجهزة ، مبادئ السلامة الأمنية ، مخاطر المواد الكيميائية ، بطاقات التعريف ، قواعد السلامة في تخزين وتداول المواد الكيميائية ،الاشارة الى الإسستعمالات الخاطئة والصحيحة بشكل مخططات او صور او رسوم توضيحية وبعض الإسعافات الأولية . الفصل الثاني: معلومات حول الجدول الدوري للعناصر . الفصل الثالث :الهيدروجين وتجربة (1) وتخص الحوامض والقواعد والأملاح . الفصل الرابع- الفصل العاشر : التجارب من (2-30 ) تخص معلومات عن العناصر بزمر مختلفة مع ذكر المخاطر الكيميائية للمواد الكيميائية التي يتم التعامل معها في المختبر. الملاحق (Appendix ) : وتتضمن بعض الأجوبة النموذجية لبعض تجارب الكيمياء اللأعضوية الواردة في الكتاب مع أسماء جميع عناصرالجدول الدوري وبعض خواصها . الإشارات التحذيرية– إشارات المنع - الإشارات الإجبارية --الإشارات الإستدلالية .
Gastritis can be defined as histological inflammation of the gastric mucosa. It can be classified according to the time course of the disease as acute or chronic, histological findings, anatomic location, and pathological mechanisms. The objective of this study was to evaluation of serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-17 and IL-22 in Helicobacter pylori infection and their association with the degree of gastritis histopathology in a sample of Iraqi patients. The case-control prospective study consists of 60 patients who attended the Gastrointestinal Tract Center at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital during the period from December 2019 to April 2020. In addition, the control group included 60 apparently healthy individuals. Bio
... Show MoreThe goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of curcumin in both formulas (supplement and standard), zinc, and then use them together to show their effect on the levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (IR), and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in the model of female rats with induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using 1mg/kg/day of letrozole for 21 days followed by a treatment period of 14 days including different treatments of zinc 30 mg/kg, curcumin standard 200 mg/kg, curcumin supplement 200 mg/kg, (curcumin standard plus zinc), (curcumin Supplement plus zinc) and metformin as a standard treatment. After the treatment, all female rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava
... Show MoreA theoretical and protection study was conducted of the corrosion behavior of carbon steel surface with different concentrations of the derivative (Quinolin-2-one), namely 7-Ethyl-4-methyl-1-[(4-nitro-benzylidene)-amino]-1H-quinolin-2-one (EMNQ2O). Theoretically, Density Functional Theory (DFT) of B3LYP/ 6-311++G/ 2d, 2p level was carried out to calculate the geometrical structure, physical properties and chemical inhibition chemical parameters, with the local reactivity in order to predict both the reactive centers and to know the possible sites of nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks, in vacuum and two solvents (DMSO and H2O), all at the equilibrium geometry. Experimentally, the inhibition efficiencies (%IE) in (3.5% NaCl)
... Show MoreTranslation is a dynamic and living process that cannot be considered equal to the original text and requires the appropriate structure, language, thought and culture of the target language, and the translator's intellectual, linguistic and cultural influences inadvertently penetrate into the translated text. It causes heterogeneity of the destination text with the source text.
Admiral's theory is trying to help by providing components and suggested approaches to resolve these inconsistencies. In the meantime, in addition to the mission of putting words together, the translator must sometimes sit in the position of the reader and judge and evaluate the translated text in order to understand its shortcomings and try to correct it a
... Show MoreThis research is qualitative in nature. It aims to investigate descriptively, analytically, and comparatively the modern AK model represented by the Sudan Open University Series, and the European framework, the common reference for Teaching Foreign Languages, to uncover what was achieved in them in terms of communication and language use. Accordingly, an integrated, multi-media approach has been adopted to enable the production and reception activities, and the spread of Arabic in vast areas of the world. Such a spread helps Arabic language to be in a hegemonic position with the other living languages. The study is based on getting benefit from human experiences and joint work in the field of teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers to mee
... Show MoreThe increasing rates of consumption of cigarettes harmful, to health in the world in general, and in Iraq in particular, and because of the costs borne by individuals, and the state as a result of addressing its damage, as well as Iraq's commitment, to international conventions against cigarettes, and demands of the World Health Organization, to raise prices to reduce consumption. Therefore, the tax Selectivity is one of the most important ways of regulating the consumption of this commodity on the one hand and increasing the tax revenue on the other. The research aims to shed light on the issue of selective tax on cigarettes and the impact of their application in increasing tax revenues and identify the effectiveness of the application
... Show MoreThe Islamic architectural heritage constitutes a civilized fortune that has to be preserved and protected and work should be done to maintain its development to be more convenient for the circumstances of the age and the civilization transformations. Due to the fact that architecture represents the civilization pot and cultural identity, its originality has to be preserved and work has to be done to prevent the strange architectural invasion that changes its character and make it lose the identity and the character and detached from its roots and environment.
Decoration, in the interior design, as a concept is connected to ornamentation process of interior spaces, which is a process of adding certain items
... Show MoreAntibiotic resistance is a problem of deep scientific concern both in hospital and community settings. Rapid detection in clinical laboratories is essential for the judicious recognition of antimicrobial resistant organisms. So, the growth of Uropathgenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates with Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-resistant (XDR) profiles that thwart therapy for (UTIs) has been detected and has straight squeezed costs and extended hospital stays. This study aims to detect MDR- and XDR-UPEC isolates. Out of 42 UPEC clinical isolates were composed from UTI patients. The bacterial strains were recognized by standard laboratory protocols. Susceptibility to antibiotic was measured by the standard disk diffusi
... Show MoreThe present study aims to explore the effectiveness of a proposed study unit based on the funds of knowledge theory in developing the attitudes towards cultural identity and the proposed study unit. In order to achieve the goal of the study, the two researchers followed the quasi-experimental approach, where the study sample consisted of (28) female students of the fifth-grade at Al-Jeelah Basic Education School, Al-Dakhiliyah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. The data were collected by two scales: the first is a scale of attitudes towards cultural identity consisting of (26) items. The second was a scale of attitudes towards the proposed study unit, which consisted of (24) items. The results of the study revealed that the effect of
... Show MoreThe paper studies the description of the colloquial and popular vocabulary used by wholesales tradesmen in Varonech before the Bolshevik Revolution . The vocabulary were used in the personal letters written by the poet and sent to famous poets and critics like Belenisky, kryvesky and Malsheve. And some were sent to his father and his sister. Not only did these letter bear the personal taste, but they represented a literary product reflecting on the poet's impressions, views, ambitions, and opinion in arts, poetry, prose, and theatre. The researcher used about thirty instances of various levels of grammar, style and phonology, all representing colloquial vocabulary used commonly at the time of Alexi 
... Show More