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A Novel Etchant System for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding
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Abstract<p>Orthodontic treatment is widely used to correct irregular teeth and/or jaw discrepancies to improve oral function and facial aesthetics. However, it is frequently associated with enamel damage that include chipping, demineralisation, and white spot formation. So far, current bonding systems that can maintain shear bond strengths (SBS) suitable for clinical performance are unable to limit enamel demineralisation, adhesive remnants and damage caused on removal of brackets after treatment. This study reports a novel “safe enamel etch” clinically viable procedure that was accomplished via application of novel etchant pastes developed with β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate powders mixed with citric acid (5 M) or phosphoric acid (37% PA) to yield BCA and BPA etchants respectively. Although enamel etched with clinically used PA gel yielded higher SBS than the BCA/BPA etchants, it exhibited greater adhesive remnants with evidence of enamel damage. In contrast, the experimental etchants resulted in unblemished enamel surfaces with zero or minimal adhesive residue and clinically acceptable SBS. Furthermore, the BPA etchant caused lower enamel decalcification with extensive calcium-phosphate precipitation. The study conclusively showed that BPA facilitated <italic>in vitro</italic> enamel adhesion without detrimental effects of the aggressive PA gel with potential for remineralisation and saving time at the post-debonding step.</p>
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Spectroscopic Study for Resonance Effects on the Carbonyl Double Bond Order in Urea Schiff Bases Which Contain Conjugated System
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In this work we prepared some schiff bases by condensation urea and benzaldehyde or its derevative ( bromo benzaldehyde or hydroxy benzaldehyde ) as ( 1 : 1 ) mole ( urea : benzaldehyde or its substitution ) to prepare compounds ( A1 , B1 , C1 , D1 , E1 , F1 , G1 ) and ( 1 : 2 ) mole ( urea : benzaldehyde or its substitution ) to prepare compounds ( A2 , B2 , C2 , D2 , E1 , F2 , G2 ) . The prepared compounds identified spectroscopic by infrared spectroscopy FT-IR and Thin layer chromotography T.L.C . The force constant calculated from the wave number for the carbonyl stretching from FT-IR chart and by using the following equation K = 4?2C2?'2? The change in double bond order for carbonyl deteremined in according with some past re

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Ieee Access
Multi-Objective Optimization of Renewable Distributed Generation Placement and Sizing for Technical and Economic Benefits Improvement in Distribution System
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Publication Date
Wed Oct 30 2024
Journal Name
Internet Technology Letters
Using <scp>5G</scp> Standards for Smart Healthcare Applications and Designing an Artificial Intelligence‐Based Industry 4.0 Communication System
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ABSTRACT<p>The introduction of Industry 4.0, to improve Internet of Things (IoT) standards, has sparked the creation of 5G, or highly sophisticated wireless networks. There are several barriers standing in the way of 5G green communication systems satisfying the expectations for faster networks, more user capacity, lower resource consumption, and cost‐effectiveness. 5G standards implementation would speed up data transmission and increase the reliability of connected devices for Industry 4.0 applications. The demand for intelligent healthcare systems has increased globally as a result of the introduction of the novel COVID‐19. Designing 5G communication systems presents research problems such as optimizing </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Intelligent Engineering And Systems
Development of Intelligent Control Strategy for an Anesthesia System Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network Like PID Controller
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2023
Journal Name
Colloids And Surfaces A: Physicochemical And Engineering Aspects
Integration of deep eutectic solvent and activated carbon in emulsion liquid membrane system for soap removal from crude biodiesel
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
A Methodology for Evaluating and Scheduling Preventive Maintenance for a Thermo-Electric Unit Using Artificial Intelligence
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Flow-production systems whose pieces are connected in a row may not have maintenance scheduling procedures fixed because problems occur at different times (electricity plants, cement plants, water desalination plants). Contemporary software and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are used to fulfill the research objectives by developing a predictive maintenance program. The data of the fifth thermal unit of the power station for the electricity of Al Dora/Baghdad are used in this study. Three stages of research were conducted. First, missing data without temporal sequences were processed. The data were filled using time series hour after hour and the times were filled as system working hours, making the volume of the data relativel

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Estimate Raw Water Salinity for the Tigris River for a Long Time Using a Mathematical Model
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Abstract<p>The measurement data of the raw water quality of Tigris River were statistically analyzed to measure the salinity value in relation to the selected raw water quality parameters. The analyzed data were collected from five water treatment plants (WTPs) assembled alongside of the Tigris River in Baghdad: Al-Karkh, Al-Karama, Al-Qadisiya, Al-Dora, and Al-Wihda for the period from 2015 to 2021. The selected parameters are total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH and temperature. The main objective of this research is to predicate a mathematical model using SPSS software to calculate the value of salinity along the river, in addition, the effect of electrical conductivi</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Investigation for TiO2 nanoparticles as a Lubricant-Additive for a Compressor ofWindow Type Air-Conditioner
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The coefficient of performance of a window type Air-Conditioner system can be improved if a reduction in the work of compressor can be achieved by a suitable technique. The present study investigates the effect of dispersing a low concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles in the mineral oil based lubricant, as well as on the overall performance of a window type Air-Conditioner system using R22 as the working fluid. An enhancement in the COP of the refrigeration system has been observed and the existence of an optimum volume fraction noticed, with low concentrations of nanoparticles suspended in the mineral oil. Results showed that the average compressor work reduced by 13.3%, which ultimately resulted in an increase of 11.99% in the COP due to

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 15 2023
Journal Name
مجلة آداب المستنصرية
(Semantic expansion in the Arabic system)
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The principle in the language is that each word has one meaning. This is because the purpose of language development is for understanding, understanding, and communication between people. The language is sounds with which each people expresses their Arabic language did not stop at this point, but rather needed another next stage or to convey additional features or characteristics that would qualify it. To be the language of the Qur’an and revelation, and capable of carrying this heavy burden.

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Publication Date
Tue May 16 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Traveling Wave Cylindrical Induction Heating System
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The paper deals with the traveling wave cylindrical heating systems. The analysis presented is analytical and a multi-layer model using cylindrical geometry is used to obtain the theoretical results. To validate the theoretical results, a practical model is constructed, tested and the results are compared with the theoretical ones. Comparison showed that the adopted analytical method is efficient in describing the performance of such induction heating systems.

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