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Interleukin-2 serum level, genetic polymorphism (rs2069763), anti-rubella antibody and risk of multiple sclerosis among Iraqi patients
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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive T cells against myelin-basic proteins. Cytokines are suggested to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Among these cytokines is interleukin-2 (IL-2). Aim of the study: To investigate the association between IL2+166 G/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP: rs2069763) and MS in Iraqi patients. Serum level of IL-2 was also detected. Anti-rubella IgG antibody was further determined in the sera of patients. Patients and methods: Eighty MS patients (28 males and 52 females; age mean ± SD: 39.2 ± 16.1 years) and 80 healthy control matched patients for age (32.15 ± 16.13 years) and gender (28 males and 52 females) were enrolled in the study. IL2+166 was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction using allele-specific primers. Serum status of IL-2 and anti-rubella IgG antibody was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Significantly increased frequencies of IL2+166 GG and GT genotypes were observed in MS patients compared to control (30.0 versus 4.5; odds ratio: 5.29; 95% confidence interval: 2.04–13.72; pc < 0.01 and 55.0 versus 32.5%; odds ratio = 2.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.34–4.81; pc < 0.05 and, respectively). IL-2 level was significantly increased in patients compared to control (36.0 ± 13.3 versus 10.5 ± 5.7 ng/ml). Such level was influenced by IL2+166 genotypes. Twenty-three patients (28.8%) were seropositive for anti-rubella IgG antibody compared to 5% in control. Conclusions: IL2+166 is a susceptibility SNP among Iraqi MS patients. Rubella virus is also suggested to increase the risk of disease.

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
REMOVAL OF PHOSPHORUS FROM WASTEWATER BY ADSORPTION ONTO NATURAL IRAQI MATERIALS
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This study focused on treating wastewater to remove phosphorus by adsorption onto naturaland local materials. Burned kaolin, porcelinite, bauxite and limestone were selected to be testedas adsorption materials.The adsorption isotherms were evaluated by batch experiments, studyingthe effects of pH, temperature and initial phosphorus concentration. The results showed that at pH6, temperature 20°C and 300 mg/l initial phosphorus concentration; the sorption capacity was0.61, 9, 10 and 13 mg/g at 10 h contact time, for burned kaolin, porcelanite, limestone and bauxiterespectively. As the pH increased from 2 to 10 the removal efficiency for the materials differs inbehaviour. The removal efficiency increased from 40 to 90 % for limestone, and dec

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 15 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Depression status in relation to caries experience and salivary physiochemical characteristics among 15 years old students in Al-Swera city – Wassit Governorate-Iraq
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Background: Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood;it can become chronic or recurrent and affect dental health .Thus this research aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of dental caries among students with different grade of depression in relation to physicochemical characteristics of stimulated whole saliva. Materials and methods: The total sample involved for depression status assessment is composed of 800 students for both gender aged 15 years old that were selected randomly , This was performed using children depression inventory (CDI) index that divided the students into four groups of depression(low or average grade, high average grade, elevated grade and very elevated grade). The diagnosis and

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Strategic orientation and its reflection on the Learning organization: Survey study of a sample of Makers decision the Iraqi Ministry of Communications
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The current research focuses on the extent to which the strategic orientation(entrepreneurial orientation, customer orientation, technology orientation, learning orientation, and investment orientation) affects the learning organization (building common vision, systemic thinking, personal dominance, mental models, team learning)The first hypothesis to test the connection relation between research variables and The second hypothesis was to test the relationship between these variables. In order to ascertain the validity of the hypotheses, the research was based on a questionnaire questionnaire prepared according to a number of In addition to building a fifth sub-variable for the strategic orientation (investment orientation) based

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Reflection of the Adoption and Application of the Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS16) on the Financial Performance of the General Iraqi Insurance Company
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Abstract

                 The study aims to clarify the impact of the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS16) on lease contracts in the General Iraqi Insurance Company on the financial statements, and thus the impact on financial ratios and indicators, Since the financial reporting standard considers lease contracts as an asset called the right to use the asset and is offset by a liability, this changes the way the financial statements are presented, with an addition to both the asset and liability sides. In order to show the extent to which the adoption of the standard reflects on the financial performance

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 02 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Role of Local Satellite Channels in the formation of knowledge and trends of the Iraqi Public Towards Terrorism: A Field Study
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Terrorism is a global phenomenon that engulfs most regions of the world to varying degrees. Media outlets are aware of the many incidents of violence and terrorism that have increased in recent times. The differences between the size of the phenomenon in different societies are the causes and severity of the phenomenon. On the role of local satellite channels in shaping the knowledge and trends of the Iraqi public towards the events of terrorism, in light of the assumptions of reliance on the media. The importance of this study is that it assesses the role of local satellite channels in the formation of knowledge and trends The study seeks to know the extent of exposure of the Iraqi public to local satellite channels, and to reveal the e

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 29 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Professional Development and its Relationship with some Variables in the Light of Sullivan Theory among Male and Female Teachers in the Basic Education Schools in Sultanate of Oman: سالم بن ناصر بن سعيد الكحالي
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The study aims to reveal the level of professional development in basic education schools from the male and female teachers’ viewpoint in the Sultanate of Oman. It further aims to examine its relationship with some variables in light of Sullivan theory, and the differences in the level of professional development (teachers’ skills, professional participation, professional development problems) according to the gender variable, and the educational stage (first cycle/ second cycle). The study sample consisted of (93) teachers distributed as such: (46) male teachers, and (47) female teachers. A questionnaire was prepared and applied to measure the level of the professional development of the male and female teachers. The questionnaire c

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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Effect of Red Laser Irradiation on The Optical Properties of Cobalt oxide (CoO<sub>2</sub>) Thin Films deposited via Semi-Computerized Spraying Technique
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Abstract<p>The existing investigation explains the consequence of irradiation of red laser on the optic properties of (CoO<sub>2</sub>) films. The film was equipped by the utilization of semi-computerized spray pyrolysis technique (SCSPT), it is the first time that this technique is used in the preparation and irradiation using a laser in this technique. From the XRD analysis, the crystalline existence with trigonal crystal system was when the received films were processed by continuous red laser (700 nm) with power (>1000mW)for different laser irradiation time using different number of times a laser scan (0, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 times) with total irradiation time(0,30,45,60,75,90 mi</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Study the effect of gamma Irradiation on the Superconducting Properties of HgBaSrCa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8+δ</sub>
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 16 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Effect of 3DS Max in Developing the Skill of Designing Theatrical Decoration among the Students of the Department of Art Education
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The research aims at benefiting from the technological development and the technical progress. This development necessitated that the educational process take advantage of this progress, and the development of special computer software, especially the design programs, made the two researchers think about how to benefit from these design programs in teaching students the skills of theatrical design.

The current search aims at:

Identifying the effect of 3Ds Max in developing the skill of theatrical decoration design among the students of the Department of Art Education "Third stage / Department of Art Education / Faculty of Fine Arts / University of Diyala for the academic year 2014-2015.

The researchers used the ex

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 18 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Pressures Affecting the Performance of Iraqi Media before the Legislative Elections of 2018 (Iraqi Satellite News Channel- as a Model): A Survey Study  Dr.Safad Husam Hammody
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The modernity of election practices of the elections in Iraq, according to the democratic approach, has led to a struggle between political rival forces reflecting a deep pressure on the tools involved in the management, marketing or control of these elections across the general social level. Hence the problem of research resides in answering the following question: What is the nature and size of the pressures affecting the media performance of Al-Iraqia News channel before the legislative elections of 2018 in Iraq?
      The objectives of the research were the following:
1. to identify the nature of the pressures that limit the Al-Iraqia News channel’s perfo

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