يتناول هذا البحث دور المنظمات الدولية في تفعيل الحقوق السياسية للمرأة من خلال تحليل الأبعاد المعيارية والمؤسسية التي أسهمت في تفعيل هذه الحقوق على المستوى الدولي، وبيان مدى فاعلية الآليات التي اعتمدتها المنظمات الدولية في تحويل الالتزامات القانونية إلى ممارسات عملية داخل الدول. وينطلق البحث من فرضية مفادها أن تأثير المنظمات الدولية لا يتحدد بقدرتها على إنتاج القواعد القانونية فحسب، وإنما يرتبط بفاعلية أدواتها المؤسسية ومدى توافر الإرادة السياسية وكفاءة المؤسسات الوطنية في تنفيذ تلك الالتزامات. واعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، مع الاستعانة بالمقاربة المقارنة لتحليل المرجعيات القانونية الدولية، والأدوات المؤسسية، وتجارب مختارة أبرزت تفاوت نتائج التدخل الدولي في ضوء اختلاف البيئات السياسية والمؤسسية. وتوصل البحث إلى أن المنظمات الدولية نجحت نسبياً في بناء منظومة معيارية ومؤسسية متكاملة عززت الاعتراف بالحقوق السياسية للمرأة، من خلال تطوير التشريعات الوطنية، ودعم الإصلاحات المؤسسية، وبناء القدرات السياسية. إلا أن فاعلية هذا الدور ما تزال تواجه تحديات ترتبط بغياب الإلزام التنفيذي، وتفاوت استجابة الدول فيما بينها، مع استمرار الفجوة بين النصوص القانونية والتطبيق العملي، الأمر الذي يجعل من استدامة نتائج التدخل الدولي مرهونة بتعزيز الشراكة مع المؤسسات الوطنية، وتطوير آليات المتابعة والتقييم، وربط برامج الدعم بالإصلاح المؤسسي طويل الأمد.
The Risks Faced by Britain in their Areas of Influence at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century Drove her to the Alliance with the State of European such as France, and Contributed to the Tireless and made by the British and French Politicians in the Consolidation of Friendly Relations between the two Countries Efforts and Strengthened Cooperation in a Positive Way to Visit the king of Britain's Edward VII to France, Offset by Visit French President Loubet to Britain in the Same Year, those Negotiations Bore Fruit between the two Countries for Reaching a Contract Arbitration and Decisiveness between Britain and France Treaty on the Fourteenth of November 1903, Promised that Treaty First Step that Paved the Way for a General Agreement be
... Show MoreUniversity libraries seek to evaluate their performance in order to correct their path and adjust it in the right direction. Therefore, they use (performance indicators), which are a tool used by institutions to evaluate the weaknesses and strengths in their work and the reasons for failure to achieve some goals sometimes. They convert (goals, procedures and actions) into a formula that can be measured mathematically, which contributes to the library determining the gap between its current performance and what those libraries are supposed to be on, clarifying the path that the library is following, controlling the risks that may befall it, and thus enhancing the process of continuous improvement to avoid areas of failure and weakness becaus
... Show MoreThis research is aiming to find the effective role of the personality characteristics of the Leader in business organization entrepreneurship by studying the effect of the special dimensions of personality characteristics (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, Agreeableness, and conscientiousness) on business organizations entrepreneurship dimensions representing in the two main dimensions (entrepreneurship direction and strategic entrepreneurship) across field study was conducted in thirteen private colleges in Baghdad.
The problem of the research relies in asking the question, is there an effect for Leader personality characteristics on business organizations entrepreneurship. and statistical methods hav
... Show MoreThe purpose of this study is to assess the performance of government units (Iraqi hospitals) by trying to determine the possibility of the current governmental accounting system to provide information on the performance reports of government units. In order to improve the efficiency of hospital resources management, the services provided by the hospital should be subject to performance measurement and evaluation The importance of the health sector in the provision of services, in order to raise the efficiency of the performance of services provided by government units has reached the researcher a set of conclusions, the most important
- The financial reports produced by the accounting s
This world is moving towards knowledge economy which basically depends on knowledge and information. So, the economic units need to develop its financial reporting system which helps to provide useful information in timeliness for investors in accordance with the requirements of the knowledge economy and meets the needs of those investors. This research aims to revealing the reflects of knowledge economy on the approaches of financial reporting and suggesting a financial reporting model in the environment of knowledge economy, depending on combining the value approach with the events approach using database and communication technology and providing useful accounting information for all users regardless of
... Show Moreبدأت الشركات تخطو خطوات متسارعة باستخدام أنظمة تكنولوجيا المعلومات في عملياتها المالية وباعتماد قليل على الورق والذي يتم الاحتفاظ بالنسخ الأصلية منه تعزيزا للإجراءات التي تمت معالجتها الكترونيا. إن ممارسة الشركات وبشكل متزايد الأسلوب الواقعي (Virtualization) في علاقاتها مع الموردين والمستهلكين والشركاء أدى للحاجة المتزايدة للثقة والتأكيد على مثل هذه العلاقات مما يولد ضغطا كبيرا ع
... Show MoreThe launch of the EU’s Eastern Partnership in 2009 intended to signal a new, elevated level of EU engagement with its Eastern neighborhood. Yet there remain several long-simmering and potentially destabilizing conflicts in the region, with which EU engagement thus far has been sporadic at best. The Union’s use of its Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) in the region and to help solve these disputes has been particularly ad hoc and inconsistent, wracked by inter-institutional incoherence and undermined by Member States’ inability to agree on a broad strategic vision for engagement with the area.
The three CSDP missions deployed to the region thus far have all suffered from this incoherence to various extents. In particu
... Show MoreThe study aims to identify the role of family in inculcating the moral values of voluntary work among adults, as it constitutes the basic social institution that is responsible for raising and control children. It has regarded as the first phase of constituting societies, where family plays a significant role in changing the behavior of individuals positively or negatively through provided patterns. The moral values act as organizer of human relationship in which misusing of these values would affect the interaction between people. This study focuses on how to employ the moral values in voluntary work as a civilized behavior helps in developing and strengthening societies. The researcher adopted the analytical-descriptive approach as mor
... Show Moreتعد الدبلوماسية متعددة الاطراف من اهم الطرق لحماية حقوق الانسان لا سيما في الوقت الراهن لما لديها من خيرات وطرق يمكن من خلالها ان يتم الوصول الى السلام الانساني
Fraud crimes, which is a form of crimes against the funds in public office, is one of the crimes of traditional and cutting-edge in the same time, but it took a distinct character from other traditional crimes because of what is based upon, behavioral fundamentals and foundations and expressive image of personal qualities, concentrated in the mental work, the inventive sophistication, and skillful abilities of the perpetrators of these crimes, in addition to what is owned by crooks today a behavioral ability represented in underestimating laws and instructions. Fraud is considered one of the organized crime methods It is the most important method of its methods, all crimes practiced by the cro
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