The current paper aims to investigate the stress distribution developed in Kennedy Class II mandibular distal extension removable partial dentures due to applying a unilateral load condition in both vertical and lateral oblique directions. 3D models of mandible bone and RPD framework were first built based on actual patient data and later exported to ANSYS software to implement the numerical analysis. For realistic analysis, the model considered the frictional contact between the RPD retainers with the teeth and mucosa with the resin denture base by applying the feature of small sliding. To ensure maximum longevity and suitability of restoration, two different metallic RPDs constructed from commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) and cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) base materials were investigated within the proposed model. It was found that the highest stress value was seen within the Co-Cr framework followed by the titanium framework, particularly within the bar clasp under both loading directions. The principle abutment of the distal extension side carried the highest stress value under both RPD models in both loading cases. Also, it was found that the captured von Mises stress levels within the titanium bar clasps were lower than that in Co-Cr demonstrating both long durability and high flexibility of Ti clasps.
Abstract
The methods of the Principal Components and Partial Least Squares can be regard very important methods in the regression analysis, whe
... Show More<p>The directing of a wheeled robot in an unknown moving environment with physical barriers is a difficult proposition. In particular, having an optimal or near-optimal path that avoids obstacles is a major challenge. In this paper, a modified neuro-controller mechanism is proposed for controlling the movement of an indoor mobile robot. The proposed mechanism is based on the design of a modified Elman neural network (MENN) with an effective element aware gate (MEEG) as the neuro-controller. This controller is updated to overcome the rigid and dynamic barriers in the indoor area. The proposed controller is implemented with a mobile robot known as Khepera IV in a practical manner. The practical results demonstrate that the propo
... Show MoreIn this study, low cost biosorbent ̶inactive biomass (IB) granules (dp=0.433mm) taken from drying beds of Al-Rustomia Wastewater Treatment Plant, Baghdad-Iraq were used for investigating the optimum conditions of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) biosorption from aqueous solutions. Various physico-chemical parameters such as initial metal ion concentration (50 to 200 mg/l), equilibrium time (0-180 min), pH (2-9), agitation speed (50-200 rpm), particles size (0.433 mm), and adsorbent dosage (0.05-1 g/100 ml) were studied. Six mathematical models describing the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants were tested to find the maximum uptake capacities: Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson, Sips, Khan, and Toth models. The best fit to the P
... Show MorePlane cubics curves may be classified up to isomorphism or projective equivalence. In this paper, the inequivalent elliptic cubic curves which are non-singular plane cubic curves have been classified projectively over the finite field of order nineteen, and determined if they are complete or incomplete as arcs of degree three. Also, the maximum size of a complete elliptic curve that can be constructed from each incomplete elliptic curve are given.
Untreated municipal solid waste (MSW) release onto land is prevalent in developing countries. To reduce the high levels of harmful components in polluted soils, a proper evaluation of heavy metal concentrations in Erbil's Kani Qrzhala dump between August 2021 and February 2022 is required. The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of improper solid waste disposal on soil properties within a landfill by assessing the risks of contamination for eight heavy elements in two separate layers of the soil by using geoaccumulation index (I-geo) and pollution load index (PLI) supported. The ArcGIS software was employed to map the spatial distribution of heavy element pollution and potential ecological risks. The I-geo values in summe
... Show MoreA new metal complexes are made from the ligands derived from amoxicillin based Schiff's base coordinated with Pd(II) and Co(II) have been synthesized and characterized via different spectroscopic methods. FT-IR spectroscopy have shown a formation of tetrahedral and square planar geometry for Co(II) and Pd(II) complexes, respectively. Surface morphology was inspected via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of the metal complexes samples is about 6.63 to 8.71 m2/g, with pore diameters and volume of 0.030–0.0501 cm3/g and 18.39–22.98 nm, respectively. The quadrupo
