يهدف البحث الى بيان المراحل التاريخية التي مرت بها القراءات القرانية حتى وصلت اليناى علما متكاملا قائما على اصوله

Abstract
This study concerned of scientific analysis of sociological directions
among Iraqi scholars graduated before 1960. These directions was divided
between heritage, conflict, critical and symbolic interaction. It is important to
mention that Al-Wardi scholar tried to build a theory in Sociology focused on
the image of Iraqi personality through historical approach used by Arabian
scholar Ibn-Khaldon.

الإسھام في عَ وْ د محمود إلی علم المعاني لیحل ّ محلّھ الصحیح في أذھان المتعلّمین وفي الدراسات النقدیة والبلاغیة .وعلم المعاني یرتكز على طورین لا یمكن مفارقة أوّ لھما إذا بقیت الضبابیّة تلفّھ ،لأنھ مفتاح مغالیق الطور الثاني الأھم ، والطوران ھما ) القواعد والأصول ( و)التحلیلاتُ إلى والرؤى البلاغیة (، وقواعد علم المعاني یفارقھا الفھم في أحیان كثیرة ، لذا وجّ ھتقصد المشاع والبسیط من المخزون النحوي لتنحیة خفائھا وف

Text science presented a set of criteria to make the text essentially a project to create
texts and use. Me and means of cohesion script text scientists, two standard foundries and
knitting. Find this means their equivalent in the Arab rhetorical Heritage has been found, it
means foundries find Accompanying represented (link grammar in the classroom and link),
and referrals represented by (Baldmair, Ldefinition, and the name of the signal), and
deletion, and repetition, and presentation delays. As in the standard knitting it has confirmed
Albulagjun Arabs on the semantic consistency between the text components, as reflected in
the moral link in Chapter interfaces, as well as in moral coherence between parts of the te

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the concept of fuzzy logic ,its application in linguistics ,especially in language teaching and the fuzziness of some lexical items in English.
Fuzziness means that the semantic boundaries of some lexical items are indefinite and ideterminate.Fuzzy logic provides a very precise approach for dealing with this indeterminacy and uncertainty which grows (among other reasons) out of human behavior and the effect of society.
The concept of fuzzy logic has emerged in the development of the theory of fuzzy set by Lotfi Zadeh(a professor of computer science at the university of California) in 1965.It can be thought of as the application side of the fuzzy set theory. In linguistics, few scholars

Biodegradation is utilizing microorganisms to degrade materials into products that are safe for the
environment, such as carbon dioxide, water, and biomass. The current study aims to isolate and characterize
bacteria with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation ability isolated from Shatt al-Arab water and
sewage from Basra, the bacteria were identified as Klebsiella pneumonia. According to the findings, the
isolates showed a highly significant difference in degradation of PET (24% during 7 days) and the percent of
degradation increased to 46% at 4 weeks compared to the control. The study also involved determining the
optimum temperature of K. pneumonia growth, which was 37°C, while the preferred

     Arab and Muslim scholars have made influential contributions to the development of mathematics by providing it with many achievements and inventions. This research presents the most important of these achievements and assistance in mathematics during the period of the Islamic Renaissance for different Arab and Muslim Scholars. One of the clearest and most prominent examples of these achievements is the establishment of the science of algebra and the discovery of zero and added to the numbers by the Muslim Scholar of Al-Khwarizmi, which facilitated the solution of many arithmetic problems and issues to this day.

The Arabic language is one of the important magazines that issued in our contemporary history not only on the Iraqi level but according Arabic one as well because it considered